Coronavirus disease 2019 is declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization. On March 22, 2020, the Moroccan government declared a health emergency and also confinement. This study aimed to clarify the adverse effects of confinement on children and to analyze the factors influencing these effects. Our study concerns 495 families with 973 children specifying their activities during confinement, we find that 35% of children spend more than 3 hours on the TV, 29% engaged with their smartphones and 14% playing video games. 76% also had the opportunity to be involved in distance learning. Among consequences of home confinement, there is an increase in behavioral problems from 14% to 31% at the end of the 2nd week of confinement. Overall 77% experienced difficulties such as emotional disturbance, behavioral problems as well as sleep and eating disturbance. The under 6 aged children appeared to be more vulnerable to confinement. 75% of parents, however, noted that confinement also afforded the opportunity to improve relationship with their children. This is an important study that contributes to discussion and further studies on adverse effects of home confinement for children during epidemics. This should lead to further identification of activities that may lead to minimizing the adverse consequences of the experience. Examples might be family outings into places that do not involve meeting other people with close contacts. Distance learning might also be enriched with virtual meetings and discussions of schoolmates that may also involve teachers and parents.
Introduction:Cannabis is the drug which use is the mostwidespread in the world, and particularly among young people. Medical students are not the exception. Exposure to a variety of factors, including stress, burnout, and relatively easy access to medications make them vulnerable to substance use. Objective: to study the prevalence of cannabis use among medical students and to assess its repercussions in terms of anxiety and depression. Methods: It is a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study of medical students of different medical schools in Morocco. Data collection was through an anonymous online self-administered survey. The measuring instruments used were surveys evaluating the main socio-demographic data, the CASTfor identifying problematic cannabis use, and the HAD scale which evaluates anxiety and depression in the group. The data is grouped and analysed by statistical software. Results: In this sample of 183 students (44.8% boys, 55.2% girls), the average age was 23.31 years. 21% had a psychiatric history. 32.2% consumed cannabis, half occasionally versus a third on a daily basis. Men had higher consumption rates than women with a significant difference. For the CAST results, 40% of cannabis users had a high risk of addiction. Anxiety score averaged 7.66 cannabis users and 5.52 for non-users, depression score averaged 5.88 users and 4.43 for non-users with significantly higher averages among users. Conclusion:Medicalstudentsseemparticularlyaffected by addictions. They must benefitfrom an assistance in order to improvetheirhealth, sothey can exercisetheirrole and be able to provide care to patients.
Background: Self-esteem is of great importance for positive and confident social behavior. Assertiveness is the component of self-esteem that allow that confident and forceful behavior while maintaining respect for others. Our study sought to evaluate the impact of an assertiveness training program on medical school students skills in communication and assertiveness. Method:123 first-year students (sex ratio (boys/girls):0,52) submitted to practical workshop training sessions during one month, evaluated at the beginning (T0) and the end (T1) of the training program by adapted auto-questionnaires measuring the feeling of self-efficacy when facing social situations, the assertiveness, self-esteem and also esteem in own communication capacity. Results: A significant improvement was seen in the mean scores of communications [58.51 to 64.62 i.e. + 6.11 (CI95% [4.66 7.56]). but also, in assertiveness [73.45 to 86.4 +12.95 (CI95% [10.46 15.43], for both sexes. Conclusion. Assertiveness programs have a positive impact in students self-esteem, assertiveness and communication skills. They must more seriously be considered as an important in schooling.
Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) defined suicide as a deliberate act performed by a person who is fully aware of, or hopes for, its fatal outcome. According to the WHO, suicide accounts for 804,000 deaths worldwide and was considered a public health problem. However, suicide could be prevented by well-timed, evidence-based and often inexpensive interventions.In Morocco, the WHO estimated suicide rate of 7.3 per 100,000 inhabitants per year in 2019. However, there was a great lack of scientific and epidemiological data on this subject, hence the importance of early screening and psychometric evaluation. Objective: The purpose of our work was to provide the clinician with a non-exhaustive list of different scales used internationally to screen and assess suicidal risk. Method: This review of the literature used the following databases: PubMed science direct psychinfo. We used the following key words: scale, suicide risk screening. Discussion: Of the 9 tools listed above to assess suicidal risk, the two most frequently mentioned and used scales were the: Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation and The Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS), despite the fact that they were not free of charge and had flaws in their structure (Andreotti ET 2020).the MINI suicide risk module (kadri, 2020) was the only validated scale in Arabic, in addition to being brief and free of charge. Other scales are available free of charge, notably the modified SAD PERSON Scale, the DUCHER scale, the suicide probability scale and the P4 screener. Conclusion: This review allowed us to list the screening scales for suicidal risk, in particular the SIDAS, P4, MINI SR module, DUCHER, BSS, CSSRs. The study helped creating a toolbox that might facilitate the task of clinicians in aim of early diagnosis and appropriate care.
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