Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the biliary tract (B-IPMN) is an intraductal growing mucin producing tumor that is precursor of cholangiocarcinoma. Dilation of both upstream and downstream biliary ducts is the radiological key feature that is respectively caused by intraductal obstructive growth and massive mucin production. Although B-IPMN is rare, if the radiologist is familiar with its manifestation, can lead to early diagnosis when surgical resection can be curative. Here, we report a long standing pathologically proved case of B-IPMN with emphasis on radiological manifestation during a long time of 13 years across different imaging modalities.
Background: Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, self-sense, and behavior. Recent research suggests that Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Studies have also shown the increased plasma and serum levels of the Trx1 molecule in schizophrenia patients. In the present study, the researchers compared the expression levels of Trx1 mRNA in peripheral blood leukocytes of Iranian schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls. Methods: First-episode patients (n=35) who met DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia were recruited from patients referred to psychiatrists in the city of Ilam and Farabi Hospital in Kermanshah. Healthy people were also selected by recruiting people who, according to a psychiatrist, did not have any mental illness. Diagnoses were made for each patient by two independent experienced psychiatrists and confirmed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). Patients were treated with risperidone for three months and then compared with thirty- five healthy volunteers. Patients were sampled before and after treatment and then by RNA Extraction and DNA synthesis, Trx1 gene expression was performed by real-time PCR method. Results: Comparison of Trx1 gene expression in PBMCs of schizophrenic patients before and after treatment with the control group showed that the expression of Trx1 gene of the “before” treatment group was significantly increased compared with that of the control group (P= 0.0007). Also, Trx1 gene expression in PBMCs of “before” and “after “groups showed that Trx1 gene expression of “after” group was significantly decreased compared to the “before” group (P= 0.014). These results showed that the mean of positive, negative, and general psychopathology was reduced significantly in schizophrenic patients before and after treatment in all three cases (P <0.001). Conclusion: the expression of TRX in PBMCs of schizophrenic patients decreased after risperidone treatment. This reduction of expression was statistically significant and indicates the possible effect of risperidone on the expression of the TRX gene in PBMCs of these patients and decreased gene expression is associated with reduced symptoms. Confirmation of the achievement of this study requires further research. Key words: Schizophrenia, Thioredoxin, Risperidone
Budd-Chiari syndrome is caused by the obstruction of the hepatic venous, with high mortality rate in nontreated cases. Because the clinical presentation of this syndrome is nonspecific, is very important. Contrast enhanced multiphase computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) angiography permits morphologic and functional assessment of liver changes in suspicious clinical setting. The aim of this presentation is to present the classical imaging features of this syndrome. 1-Radiographic features, 1-1-CT scan, 1-1-1-inhomogeneous mottled liver with delayed enhancement in the periphery of the liver and around the hepatic veins; 1-1-2peripheral zones of the liver may appear hypo attenuating because of reversed portal venous blood flow; 1-1-3-caudate lobe enlargement and increased contrast enhancement compared with the remainder of the liver; 1-1-4-inability to identify hepatic veins. 1-2-Ultrasound, 1-2-1-acute; 1-2-2-hepatomegaly; 1-2-3-splenomegaly; 1-2-4-heterogeneous echotexture; 1-2-5-chronic; 1-2-6-hypertrophied caudate lobe; 1-2-7-peripheral atrophy; 1-2-8-regenerative nodules; 1-2-9-gallbladder wall thickening; 1-2-10-ascites. 1-3-Color-flow Doppler, 1-3-1-part of or the entire right hepatic vein with no flow or inappropriately directed flow; 1-3-2-discontinuity between the main hepatic vein and the IVC; 1-3-3-reversed flow in hepatic veins and intra and extrahepatic collaterals; 1-3-4-portal vein changes such as hepatopetal or hepatofugal flow; 1-3-5-thrombus or tumour within the IVC; 1-3-6-increased resistive index within the hepatic artery: > 0.75. This is an abstract presented in the 33rd Iranian congress of radiology (ICR) and the 15th congress of Iranian radiographic science association (IRSA).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.