The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical, antimicrobial, and insecticidal properties of tannins derived from Cydonia oblonga fruit.Qualitative and quantitative methods were used for the determination of the phytochemicals of Cydonia oblonga fruits. The tannins of this fruit were extracted using solvents and salts, and their antimicrobial activity against S. aureus ATCC 25923 and E.coli ATCC 25322 and C.albicans was investigated.The lethal effect of tannins extract was evaluated on Tribolium confusum under controlled laboratory conditions (at temperature 28 ± 2°C, relative humidity 75 ± 5%, and photoperiod of 16:8).The obtained results showed very interesting levels of tannins extraction (9.66%, 7.33%) using solvents and salts, respectively. The obtained tannins exerted no antimicrobial activity for the tested strains.On the other hand, all doses (50 μl, 100 μl, and 200 μl) of tannins tested on Tribolium confusum adults by the inhalation method showed a bioinsecticidal effect with an LD50 of 109.64 μl of tannin extract. Cydonia oblonga fruit can be an alternative for the development of natural drugs and insecticides with an important role in the fight against parasites.
The main objective of this work is to study and compare the functional properties of jujube fruit (Zizyphus jujuba) powders obtained from two different drying processes: hot-air drying and swell-drying by combining Instant Controlled Pressure-Drop (DIC) with conventional air drying process. For this purpose, we performed the convective drying kinetics of pitted whole fruit at an atmospheric pressure of 2 m/s, 85C, and 4% relative humidity. DIC treatment was carried out with 0.35 MPa saturated steam pressure for 15 s after eliminating a water content of 12.5 g H 2 O/ 100 g db (dry basis) through the first stage of ambient temperature convection drying. Under these experimental conditions, the effects of drying processes, the type of solvent and powder granulometry were studied. The results showed that swelldried compared to hot-air dried powders had a higher availability of phenolic compounds (20.14 6 0.07 against 13.28 6 2.06 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent GAE/g dry basis db) and flavonoids (72.3 6 7.1 against 17.5 6 4.7 mg Quercetin Equivalent Querc. E/g db). The presence of several active compounds thanks to DIC texturing was observed in all the granule sizes. The biological activities of swell-dried jujube flavonoids extracts showed the highest antimicrobial activity. The physical and pharmacological properties of jujube tablets were compared to Fumacur, which is known as an Algerian traditional drug used against anemia. In terms of metals, swelldried jujube powder contains a higher concentration of metals than that of Fumacur. This first approach greatly encourages the use of these natural pharmaceutical tablets as a very effective and economical drug to fight certain health problems. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis research highlights the valorization of Zizyphus jujuba and its transformation into powder through swell-drying process using "Instant controlled pressure drop" DIC as adequate texturing process coupled with conventional airflow drying. This study aims to reach possible industrial applications based on the functional quality of final products. The DIC swell-drying process makes it possible to obtain a nutritional and functional powder with a high health benefit. A directly simple compression method has been efficient to transform the jujube powder into tablets. Based on the obtained results showing important chemical constituents, their biological activities and pharmacological properties, the swell-dried jujube powder has exhibited a great potential for their use as pharmaceutical formulations and nutraceutical fields.
This study is aimed at describing, controlling, and improving the technological aptitude and the traditional pharmacopeia of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi conventionally used by the local population of Tizi-Ouzou (northern Algeria) and justifying the possible industrial applications of the plant. The study involved the drying of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi leaves using two types of drying process (hot air drying and open air drying). In addition, the evaluation of certain properties (physical and chemical, rheological and biological) of the obtained powders was carried out. Various gels were prepared using the powders of air-dried Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi leaves, DIC (instant controlled pressure-drop) swell-dried Ziziphus jujuba Mill fruits, and seed oil of the same fruit. These plants have been used traditionally for treating gastric disorders, wounds, and rheumatic pains. Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi is also used as an antiseptic and antihelmintic agent. The results of the analysis of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi powders have shown important chemical constituents (Na, Mg, Fe, and K), bioactive substances (polyphenols, tannins, and fatty acids), and very interesting biological activities. The obtained gels confer better physical and chemical (slightly acidic gels) properties, a higher availability of phenolic compounds, and better rheological (viscous gel) and organoleptic properties than their chemical counterparts.
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