Objectives:The objective of this study is to determine the levels of perceived social support and psychological well being of nursing students. Methods:The research sample for the study which is of a descriptive nature was comprised of 300 nursing students who were continuing their education during the academic year 2015-2016. 'Introductory Information Form' , 'Perceived Social Support Scale' and 'Psychological Wellbeing Scale (Short Form)' were applied as data collection tools. Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney U test, Pearson correlation analysis and regression analysis were used in the assessment of the data. Results:The highest average among perceived social support subscales of nursing students belonged to special person support (23.00) while the lowest average belonged to friend support (21.00). According to the psychological wellbeing scale, the highest average scores were generated in the subscale of positive relations with others (5.43) while the lowest average was found in the subscale of self determination (4.43). The average scores of the third year students in terms of family (KW=8.37, p=0.039), friend (KW=13.29, p=0.004) and special person (KW=20.14, p=0.000) support were higher than those of of the first year students, and the average scores of the fourth year students in terms of individual development (KW=13.30, p=0.004) and positive relations with others (KW=7.87, p=0.049) were higher than those of the first year students. It has been determined that there is a positive relation between the perceived social support levels and psychological wellbeing of nursing students (p<0.01). Conclusion:It has been determined that the perceived social support and psychological well being of the students in upper grades were at a better level. It has been determined that as the level of perceived social support of nursing students increased, their psychological wellbeing increased as well.

Aim This study aimed to culturally adapt and evaluate the reliability and validity of the Holistic Nursing Competence Scale for application in the Turkish context. Background Nurses are expected to assess well‐being of individuals by considering physical, social, psychological, cultural and spiritual dimensions to enhance adaptation to diseases. In Turkey, no tools have been developed to date for the evaluation of competencies in holistic nursing in the country. Methods The study was conducted with 288 nurses working in two hospitals in Ankara equipped with over 500 beds. A confirmatory factor analysis was performed in order to identify whether the items and the sub‐dimensions of the adapted scale complied with the original structure comprising 36 items and five sub‐scales, namely ‘general aptitude’, ‘staff education and management’, ‘ethically oriented practice’, ‘nursing care in a team’ and ‘professional development’. Cronbach's alpha value was used as an estimate for reliability analysis. Results Opinions of 11 experts were obtained for content validation of the scale, and the content validity index was 0.90. The adaptation was observed to be acceptable on the basis of structural equation model fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha value was estimated to be 0.97 and 0.90, respectively, for the complete scale. Conclusion The study identified the Turkish version of Holistic Nursing Competence Scale as a valid and reliable tool for the evaluation of competence in holistic nursing among nurses. Implications for nursing and nursing policy The instrument may now be utilized as a tool of measurement in nursing practice, as well as in education and research, for identifying the level of competence in the holistic nursing practices among the nurses in Turkey.

Background: Ageing is a process involving physical, social, psychological, spiritual and cultural changes. The elderly's personal characteristics may change, and the place where they live can lead to differences in their individual life expectations. Nursing home or community dwelling, where the elderly live can affect their psychological and spiritual well-being and their search for meaning in life. This study aimed to determine mental health symptoms, spiritual well-being and meaning in life among older adults living in nursing homes and community dwellings. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in three provinces of Turkey with the highest population of elderly people aged 60 and above. A total of 144 elderly people (71 living in nursing homes and 73 in community dwellings) participated in the study. The Descriptive Information Form, Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), Spiritual Well-Being Scale and Meaning in Life Questionnaire were used for data collection. For the statistical analysis, the Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman correlation analysis were applied. Results: About 42.3% of the elderly living in nursing homes were aged 80 and above, while 61.6% of those living in community dwellings were in the age range of 60-69 years. The hostility score in the community-dwelling elders was statistically higher than that of elders living in nursing homes. However, the harmony with nature score was lower in the communitydwelling elders. Negative relationships were found between total spiritual well-being and depression, anxiety, negative self and somatisation. Meanwhile, existing meaning in life found positive relationships among transcendence and harmony with nature. Conclusions: The awareness of healthcare workers is very important in helping the elderly make sense of the changes they experience. Moreover these healthcare workers should undergo systematic training to help the elderly prepare for old age by making sense of preserving mental integrity and seeking meaning in their lives.

ÖZETSıklığı ve süresi yaşla giderek artan depresyon, yaşlılık döneminde görü-len önemli psikolojik sorunlardandır. Yaşam beklentisi ve kalitesi düşen depresif yaşlı hastalarda, hemşireler için öncelikli bakım içeriğini; intihar girişimini önlemek, öz bakım gücünü arttırmak, yaşlı ve ailesini bakım ve tedavide desteklemek ve bilgilendirmek oluşturur. Bu derleme ile yaş-lılık ve depresyon konusunu hemşirelik mesleği açısından yeniden ele alarak hemşirelik bakım planlarına katkı sağlamak amaçlanmıştır.

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The aim of this study is to examine the levels of intolerance of uncertainty, rumination and resilience among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: This descriptive and crosssectional study was conducted with 310 healthcare workers. Data were collected using an Introductory Information Form, the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire and the Brief Resilience Scale. Results: In this study, it was found that ruminative thinking style was lower in healthcare workers aged 37 years and over and with more experience, and higher in shift workers. As a result of multiple linear regression analysis, it was determined that intolerance to uncertainty and psychological resilience have a significant effect on ruminative thinking style. Intolerance of uncertainty and resilience explained 38.5% of the total variance in rumination, and both variables were identified as significant predictors of rumination. Conclusion:The levels of intolerance of uncertainty and rumination among healthcare workers can be reduced by closely monitoring the working conditions and mental states of the workers and developing programs to protect the workers from potential negative psychological effects and to improve their resilience. Amaç: Araştırmada sağlık çalışanlarında COVID-19 pandemi sürecinde belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük, ruminatif düşünce biçimleri ve psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel tasarımda olan bu araştırma 310 sağlık çalışanı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada "Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu", "Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Ölçeği", "Ruminatif Düşünme Biçimi" ve "Kısa Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği" kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Bu araştırmada, 37 yaş ve üzerinde ve deneyimi fazla olan sağlık çalışanlarında ruminatif düşünme biçiminin daha düşük olduğu, vardiyalı çalışanlarda ise daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi sonucunda belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ve psikolojik sağlamlığın ruminatif düşünme biçimi üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ve psikolojik sağlamlık, ruminatif düşünme biçiminde toplam varyansın %38,5'ini açıklamakta ve her iki değişkenin ruminatif düşünme biçiminin anlamlı bir yordayıcısı olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Sağlık çalışanlarında belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ve ruminasyon düzeylerinin azalmasında çalışanların çalışma koşullarının ve ruhsal durumlarının yakından takip edilmesi, çalışanların oluşabilecek olumsuz ruhsal etkilerden korunması ve psikolojik sağlamlık düzeylerinin artırılmasına yönelik programların oluşturulması sağlanabilir.

Purpose This study aimed to examine the relationship between interpersonal cognitive distortions and family role performances in spouses during the pandemic process. Design and Methods This cross‐sectional study was conducted on 402 married individuals. Findings The total score of interpersonal cognitive distortions and task performance scores were higher in males. The individuals who go to the workplace during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) process have higher unrealistic relationship expectancy score and total score of interpersonal cognitive distortion. Interpersonal cognitive distortions were determined to explain 5% of task and relationship performance in family role performance. Practice Implications It was determined that the relationships in the spouses were associated with cognitive distortions and family role performance. Interpersonal cognitive distortions in spouses were found to affect role performance in the family.

ÖzPurpose: Self-handicapping is an effective defense strategy that leads to poor performance in different situations such as individual behavior and education. It is aimed to examine the effects of self-handicapping on the psychological needs and self compassion level of nursing students. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 482 types of nursing education students at two universities in Turkey. Introductory Information Form, Self-Handicapping Scale, Balanced Measure of Psychological Needs Satisfaction Scale and Self-Compassion Scale were used in the data collection, Results: It was determined that the students' self compassion score was medium, the highest awareness and the lowest self-judgment score. Significant differences were found according to gender and age variable. A negative correlation was determined between the selfhandicapping score of the nursing students and the total self compassion score and the sub-dimensions of the psychological needs balance satisfaction scale. It was determined that self-handicapping score explained the total self compassion score by 26%. Conclusion:The findings obtained show that as the selfhandicapping score decreases, psychological needs and self compassion scores increase. Amaç: Kendini sabotaj, bireyin davranışında, eğitim gibi farklı durumlarda zayıf performansa yol açan bir savunma stratejisidir. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin kendini sabotajın psikolojik ihtiyaçlar ve öz duyarlılık düzeyine etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı bu çalışma kesitsel türde olup Türkiye'de iki üniversitede eğitim-öğretim gören 482 hemşirelik öğrencileriyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplamada Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, Kendini Sabotaj Ölçeği, Psikolojik İhtiyaç Doyumunda Denge Ölçeği ve Öz-Duyarlık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Öğrencilerin öz-duyarlık puanının orta düzeyde olduğu, en yüksek bilinçlilik en düşük öz yargılama puanının olduğu saptanmıştır. Cinsiyet ve yaş değişkenine göre anlamlı farklılıklara rastlanmıştır. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin kendini sabotaj puanı ile öz-duyarlık toplam puanı ve psikolojik ihtiyaçlar denge doyumu ölçeğinin alt boyutları arasında negatif yönde bir ilişki belirlenmiştir. Kendini sabotaj puanı öz-duyarlılık toplam puanını %26 açıkladığı belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Elde edilen bulgular kendini sabotaj puanı azaldıkça psikolojik ihtiyaçlar ve öz-duyarlılık puanlarının arttığını göstermektedir.