RESUMOPropôs-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a bioatividade do óleo de nim sobre Alphitobius diaperinus, em sementes armazenadas. Sementes de amendoim cultivar BRS Havana foram tratadas com óleo de nim nas concentrações de 0,0; 1,0; 2,0; 3,0 e 4,0% (volume/massa de sementes) e mantidas em bandejas durante 24 h. Cinquenta gramas de sementes foram colocados em recipientes plásticos e infestados com 20 insetos adultos de A. diaperinus. Avaliaram-se, aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias de armazenamento, a mortalidade, o número de descendentes (larvas, pupas e adultos) e o número de sementes perfuradas. Para análise de variância dos dados utilizou-se o teste de Friedman (p ≤ 0,05), sendo a comparação das médias realizada pelo teste de Student Newman Keuls (p ≤ 0,05). Calculou-se, também, a eficiência do produto pelo método de Henderson & Tilton (1955). Eficiência do óleo de nim sobre a mortalidade de A. diaperinus acima de 74,92% foi observada a partir dos 90 dias do armazenamento, para as concentrações de 3 e 4%; entretanto, o produto conferiu proteção às sementes de amendoim, em todas as concentrações, nos períodos estudados, visto que afetou todos os descendentes de A. diaperinus da geração F1. Palavras-chave: armazenamento de sementes, insetos-praga, Azadirachta indicaBioactivity of neem oil on Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in stored peanut seeds ABSTRACT This work aimed to evaluate the bioactivity of neem oil on Alphitobius diaperinus, in stored seed. Peanuts seeds, cultivar BRS Havana, were treated with neem oil at concentrations of 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0% (volume/weight) and kept in trays for 24 h. Fifty grams of seeds were put in plastic containers and infested with 20 adult insects of A. diaperinus. The mortality, the offspring number (larvae, pupae and adults) and the number of punched seeds were evaluated at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of storage. For variance analysis of data, Friedman test (p ≤ 0.05) was used. Student Newman Keuls test (p ≤ 0.05) was used for comparison of means. The product efficiency was also analysed by using Henderson & Tilton (1955) method. Neem oil efficiency on the mortality of A. diaperinus above 74.92% was observed from 90 days of storing for concentrations of 3 and 4%. However, the neem oil conferred protection to peanut seeds in all concentrations and studied periods, by affecting all offspring of A. diaperinus of the F1 generation.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological quality of diaspores from Myracrodruon urundeuva mother trees developing in the Cariri region of the state of Paraíba, Brazil. The seeds were collected during three consecutive years and from different areas of the Cariri region. The seed collection areas comprised two sites in the municipality of Boa Vista and one in the municipality of São João do Cariri. The diaspores had their water content determined and were submitted to the following tests: germination, seedling emergence, first count of germination and seedling emergence (within 5 days), and speed of germination and seedling emergence. The treatment means were compared using the deviance statistic. The collection years and collection areas were compared by the Tukey test at a 5% probability level. The comparison between mother trees was made through principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The detected variation in the quality of M. urundeuva diaspores is dependent on environmental conditions. The physiological quality of M. urundeuva diaspores varies according to mother tree, collection area and year. Mother trees of groups 1 and 2 are the most promising since they included representatives of all three areas and produced diaspores of high physiological quality.
Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All. is a medicinal plant of the Caatinga biome, in brazilian northeast. This region is characterized by prolonged dry periods but little is known about the plants mechanisms to tolerate low water availability during their initial phase of growth and establishment seedling. The objective of this project was to evaluate morphological and anatomic characteristics of M. urundeuva seedlings submitted to different water levels in the soil. In a first experiment, the diaspores were sown in trays containing soil taken from the place of occurrence of the species. The substratum was moistened with water to reach 10 to 60% of the soil water retention capacity, with 5% intervals. In a second experiment, the diaspores were sown in the substratum kept at 60% of its water retention capacity for 15 days for the total seedling emergence since this is the most favorable condition for the species as identified during the first phase of this experiment. After that period, plant watering was suspended and the seedling kept in substrata at 60, 30, 25, 20, 15, and 10% of their water holding capacity for an additional period of 10 days, both experiments performed in protected environment. The increasing reduction in water availability led to a reduction in the number of leaves, the leaf area and leaflet thickness, the number of stomata in the leaf and in the cotyledon, the root length and the diameter of the central root. Characteristics such as the stem length, length, width and thickness of the cotyledon were not modified by the hydric stress.
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