No abstract

PURPOSE:To investigated the effects of exposure to an 1800 MHz electromagnetic field (EMF) on bone development during the prenatal period in rats. METHODS:Pregnant rats in the experimental group were exposed to radiation for six, 12, and 24 hours daily for 20 days. No radiation was given to the pregnant rats in the control group. We distributed the newborn rats into four groups according to prenatal EMF exposure as follows: Group 1 was not exposed to EMF; groups 2, 3, and 4 were exposed to EMF for six, 12, and 24 hours a day, respectively. The rats were evaluated at the end of the 60th day following birth. RESULTS:Increasing the duration of EMF exposure during the prenatal period resulted in a significant reduction of resting cartilage levels and a significant increase in the number of apoptotic chondrocytes and myocytes. There was also a reduction in calcineurin activities in both bone and muscle tissues. We observed that the development of the femur, tibia, and ulna were negatively affected, especially with a daily EMF exposure of 24 hours. CONCLUSION:Bone and muscle tissue development was negatively affected due to prenatal exposure to 1800 MHz radiofrequency electromagnetic field.

AIm:The topography of the superficial peroneal nerve (SPN) and its terminal branches were studied, with the aim of providing further anatomical details for leg and foot in the Turkish newborn fetuses. mAterIAl and methOds: Limbs from twenty newborn cadavers were dissected. The course of the SPN on the leg and its terminal branches on the foot were investigated. results:The SPN was lateral (75%), anterior (15%), or branched in both areas (10%) of the cases. The SPN in the dorsum of the feet branched further into medial dorsal cutaneous nerve (MDCn) and intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve (IDCn). In 82.5% of the cases the MDCn and the IDCn split into three and two branches, respectively. In 10% of the cases, the MDCn gave off three, and the IDCn one terminal branches. In 7.5% of the cases, the MDCn had three while the IDCn had two branches that communicated with the lateral dorsal cutaneous nerve. COnClusIOn:The course of SPN on the anterolateral surface of the leg and its terminal branches on the dorsal surface of the foot were quite different. This unusual variant location will enable the surgeon to find and preserve the SPN and its terminal branches.KeywOrds: Common peroneal nerve, Superficial peroneal nerve, Medial dorsal cutaneous nerve, Intermediate dorsal cutaneous nerve, Cutaneous innervation ÖZ AmAÇ: Nervus peroneus superficialis (SPN) ve uç dallarının ayak ve bacaktaki topografik anatomisi hakkında daha detaylı bilgi vermek amacıyla Türkiye'deki yenidoğan fetuslar üzerinde bu çalışma gerçekleştirildi. yÖntem ve GereÇ: Yirmi yenidoğan kadavrasında her iki alt ekstremite diseke edildi. SPN'nin bacağın anterolateral yüzündeki seyri ve uç dallarının ise ayağın dorsal yüzündeki seyri araştırıldı.BulGulAr: Nervus peroneus superficialis'in, vakaların %75'inde lateral, %15'inde anterior ve %10'unda ise iki dala ayrılıp her iki kompartmanda seyrettiği gözlendi. SPN ayağın dorsal yüzünde, nervus cutaneus dorsalis medialis (MDCn) ve nervus cutaneus dorsalis intermedialis (IDCn) dallarını veriyordu. Vakaların %82,5'inde MDCn üç, IDCn ise iki uç dala ayrılıyordu. Vakaların %10'unda ise MDCn üç, IDCn ise bir uç dala ayrılıyordu. Diğer %7,5'lik vakada ise MDCn üç, IDCn iki dal veriyor ve IDCN nervus cutaneus dorsalis lateralis ile anastomoz yapıyordu. sOnuÇ: Nervus peroneus superficialis'in bacağın anterolateral yüzünde, uç dallarının ise ayağın dorsal yüzündeki seyri çok farklılık göstermektedir. Bu olağan dışı yerleşimlerin tanımlanması cerrahlara SPN ve uç dallarının korunmasında ve belirlenmesinde yardımcı olacaktır.

Objective:Inequality in leg length may lead to to abnormal transmission of load across the endplates and degeneration lumbar spine and the disc space. There has been no study focusing on lumbar disc herniation (LDH) and leg length discrepancy. This subject was investigated in this study.Materials and Methods:Consecutive adult patients with leg length discrepancy and low back pain (LBP) admitted to our department were respectivelly studied.Results:A total number of 39 subjects (31 women and eight men) with leg length discrepancy and LBP and 43 (25 females and 18 males) patients with LBP as a control group were tested. Occurrence of disc herniation is statistically different between patients with hip dysplasia and control groups (P < 0.05).Conclusion:The results of this study showed a statistically significant association between leg length discrepancy and occurrence of LDH. The changes of spine anatomy with leg length discrepancy in hip dysplastic patients are of importance in understanding the nature of LDH.

OBJECTIVE:Sciatic nerve neuropathy can be observed following intramuscular gluteal injections. The histopathological examination of sciatic nerve damage following intramuscular injection in the gluteal region for acute pain treatment is not feasible in humans due to the inability to dissect and examine the nerve tissue. To overcome this issue, we used a rat model for demonstrating damage to the sciatic nerve tissue after the application of commonly used drug injections.METHODS:We investigated possible damage following the intramuscular injection of diclofenac, lornoxicam, morphine, and pethidine in a rat model based on histopathological characteristics such as myelin degeneration, axon degeneration, epineurium degeneration, fibrosis, epineurium thickening, perineurium thickening, lymphocyte infiltration, vacuolization, and edema.RESULTS:All the analgesic drugs used in our study induced histopathological changes in the sciatic nerve. Anti-S100 positivity, showing nerve damage, was found to be the lowest in the group treated with diclofenac. Neurotoxic effects of diclofenac on the sciatic nerve were greater than those of the other drugs used in the study. Lornoxicam induced the least histopathological changes in the nerve.CONCLUSION:Diclofenac induced severe nerve damage not only after direct injection in the sciatic nerve but also after injection in the area around the nerve. Thus, we recommend restricting the use of intramuscular gluteal injections of diclofenac. Intramuscular use of morphine and pethidine should also be overviewed.

ÖzetAmaç:Erişkinlerde düşmeye bağlı ekstremite kırıkları ile görme bozuklukları arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmak. Ge reç ve Yön tem: Çalışmaya 18 yaş üstü düşmeye bağlı ekstremite kırıkları oluşan 56 hasta (kırık grubu) dâhil edildi. Kontrol grubu (n=42), hastanemize rutin kontroller için gelen sağlıklı bireylerden seçildi. Her katılımcıya ayrıntılı bir göz muayenesi yapıldı. Grupların yaş ortalamaları Student t test ile karşılaştırıldı. Diğer sonuçların analizinde Ki-kare testi kullanıldı. Sonuçlar: Görme azlığı açısından değerlendirildiğinde kırık grubundaki oranın (%78,6) kontrol grubundaki orandan (%38,1) daha yüksek olduğu gözlendi (p<0,05). Tedavi edilebilir görme kaybı sebeplerinden katarakt ve refraksiyon kusuru oranları kırık grubunda kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı olarak yüksekti (her iki p<0,05). Görme keskinlikleri açısından değerlendirildiğinde kırık grubundaki hastaların 28'inde (%50) görme keskinliği 0,5'in altındaydı. Kontrol grubunda ise bu sayı 8 (%19,1) idi. Tar t›fl ma: Bu çalışmada düşmeye bağlı ekstremite kırığı olan erişkinlerde görme bozukluğu olan hasta sayısının kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı şekilde yüksek olduğu gösterildi. Bu nedenle, erişkinlerde düzenli göz muayenelerinin yapılması, refraksiyon kusuru olan hastaların düzenli gözlük kullanımın sağlanması, katarakt gibi tedavi edilebilir hastalıklarının zamanında tedavi edilmesi bu yaş grubunda düşme sonucu oluşacak ekstremite kırıklarının oranını azaltacağını düşünmekteyiz. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2013; 43: 250-2) Anah tar Ke li me ler: Ekstremite kırıkları, görme bozukluğu, katarakt, refraksiyon kusuru Sum maryPur po se: To evaluate the association between the development of extremity fracture and visual impairment in adults. Ma te ri al and Met hod:This study included 56 patients (patient group) aged 18 years or older who had extremity fractures due to a fall. The control group (n=42) was selected from visitors who had regular medical check-ups at our hospital. Each participant underwent a full ophthalmologic examination. Mean age was compared by Student's t test. The other variables were compared by chi-square test. Re sults: The prevalence of subjects with visual impairment was significantly higher in the patients group (78.6%) than in the control group (38.1%) (p<0.05). The prevalence of treatable eye diseases such as cataract and refractive errors were significantly higher in the patient group than in the control group (p<0.05 for both). Twenty-eight patients (50%) in the patient group and 8 subjects in the control group had visual acuities lower than 0.5 (p<0.05). Dis cus si on: We have found that the prevalence of visual impairment was significantly higher in adults with extremity fractures due to falls than in the control group. Hence, we believe that regular ophthalmological examination in adults, providing regular use of eyeglasses in patients with refractive errors, and timely treatment of treatable eye diseases such as cataract could decrease the extremity fractures from falls in adults. (Turk J Ophthalmol 2013; 43: 250-2)

We present a case of quadriceps tendon (QT) rupture. QT ruptures can occur in all ages. The cause is mostly traumatic in origin. Spontaneous ruptures that are thought to result from predisposing conditions are rare. Post-convulsion QT ruptures lacking traumas in their history can be overlooked in clinical examinations. This should be born in mind by the attending physician, as early diagnosis and treatment of the condition can lead to satisfactory outcomes.

Article HistoryReceived 25 / 12 / 2012 Accepted 22 / 01 / 2013Nonunion may be encountered, though occasionally, following fixation of long bone (such as tibia) fractures with an intramedullary nail. Despite availability of several treatment options in such situations, none seems to be ideal. In this study, we reported a case with aseptic tibia nonunion which was treated with Ilizarov external fixator over the intramedullary nail, which is a relatively novel modality with few studies available, and we proposed the method as an effective one with emphasis on further studies to explore the method.