The aim of this paper was to understand the relationships between the consolidation of the actuarial profession and social security policies in Brazil, from the First Republic up to the Vargas Era. In general, there is little literature on the history of the actuarial profession in Brazil. Specifically, there is no study that addresses the relationship between the development of the actuarial profession and the social security policies at the crucial moment of Brazilian social security expansion during the Vargas Era. This paper contributes to filling that gap. From time to time, Brazilian social security reforms are debated. The role of actuaries in this discussion is poorly understood. However, these professionals have historically been essential to social security policies. This article sheds light on that history. The text may broaden the knowledge on the history of the actuarial profession and its relationships with social security policies in Brazil. This is a historical study, built based on primary documentation. Sources were researched relating to the actuarial organizations for social security in Brazil and the actuarial professionals who composed their staff. The references to the professional trajectories of actuaries were crossed and considered in light of the information gathered regarding the actions of the institutions that employed them. The analysis was qualitative and the material was interpreted with the support of the referenced bibliography. This article reveals that the consolidation of the actuarial profession came about based on the participation of engineers-actuaries in the public organizations that supported the varguista social security policies. The paper also contributes to broadening the knowledge on the history of the actuarial profession in Brazil from the First Republic up to the Vargas Era (1930-1945).
This research deals with the development of the federal institutions of external control during the First Brazilian Republic. This subject is scarcely explored in the literature. In general, it is addressed as a background in studies focusing on the recent history of the Federal Court of Accounts, characterized by the emergence of the New Republic (started in 1985). Such studies suggest a historical pattern in the development of federal institutions of external control, characterized by the alternation between periods of expansion and retraction of their attributions. To advance the knowledge of this historical pattern and contribute to expanding the literature on these institutions, we need a more in-depth look at the period of they were established, i.e., the First Brazilian Republic. This study suggests that the development of federal external control institutions in the First Brazilian Republic was characterized by the legal expansion of attributions from 1890 to 1892, followed by the practical abdication until 1930 by the institutional drift of the responsibility of judging the annual accounts of the government. This is a historical institutionalist study based on the analysis of primary sources.
Resumo Esta pesquisa trata do desenvolvimento das instituições federais de controle externo durante a Primeira República brasileira. É um tema pouco visitado pela bibliografia, em geral abordado em retrospectivas que compõem estudos cujos focos estão na história recente do Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU), marcada pelo advento da Nova República (1985-). Tais estudos sugerem um padrão histórico no desenvolvimento das instituições federais de controle externo, caracterizado pela alternância entre períodos de expansão e de retração de suas atribuições. O conhecimento acerca desse padrão histórico de desenvolvimento institucional, para avançar, carece do aprofundamento das pesquisas sobre o período no qual se estabeleceram as bases de sua construção: a Primeira República. Este estudo pretende ser uma contribuição à superação dessa lacuna. Ele sustenta que o desenvolvimento das instituições federais de controle externo no período em questão foi caracterizado pela expansão legal de atribuições, de 1890 a 1892, seguida pela abdicação prática dali até 1930, por drift institucional, da responsabilidade de julgar as contas anuais de governo. O estudo é institucionalista histórico e foi construído com base na análise de fontes primárias.
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