We confirmed completeness of surgery, histology, and DFI ≥36 months as independent prognostic factors. Number of metastases, presence of lymph node metastases, surgical approach, and number of metastasectomies did not statistically influence long-term survival.

No abstract

Palliative airway treatments are essential to improve quality and length of life in lung cancer patients with central airway obstruction. Rigid bronchoscopy has proved to be an excellent tool to provide airway access and control in this cohort of patients. The main indication for rigid bronchoscopy in adult bronchology remains central airway obstruction due to neoplastic or non-neoplastic disease. We routinely use negative pressure ventilation (NPV) under general anaesthesia to prevent intraoperative apnoea and respiratory acidosis. This procedure allows opioid sparing, a shorter recovery time and avoids manually assisted ventilation, thereby reducing the amount of oxygen needed, while maintaining optimal surgical conditions. The major indication for NPV rigid bronchoscopy at our institution has been airway obstruction by neoplastic tracheobronchial tissue, mainly treated by laser-assisted mechanical dissection. When strictly necessary, we use silicone stents for neoplastic or cicatricial strictures, reserving metal stents to cover tracheo-oesophageal fistulae. NPV rigid bronchoscopy is an excellent tool for the endoscopic treatment of locally advanced tumours of the lung, especially when patients have exhausted the conventional therapeutic resources. Laser-assisted mechanical resection and stent placement are the most effective procedures for preserving quality of life in patients with advanced stage cancer.

Besides the well-known short-term outcomes showing very low morbidity and mortality rates, mediastinal lymph node dissection during RATS adequately assesses lymph node stations detecting occult lymph node metastasis and leading to excellent oncologic results. However, these results await longer follow-up studies.

No abstract

The aim of this study was to analyse the feasibility and safety of robotic-assisted thymectomy (RoT) in patients with clinically early stage thymoma, investigating clinical and early oncological results. Between 1998 and 2017, we retrospectively reviewed 76 (42.2%) patients who underwent radical thymectomy for clinically early stage thymoma (Masaoka-Koga I and II), identifying all patients who underwent RoT (n = 28) or open thymectomy (OT) with eligibility criteria for robotic surgery (n = 48). Using a propensity-score matched for tumor size (3.9 ± 1.8 cm) and stage (35% stage I, 42% stage IIA, 23% stage IIB), we paired 24 patients who had RoT with 24 patients undergoing OT. RoT was left-sided in 19 (79.2%) patients. None of the patients required conversion to open surgery. OT was via sternotomy in 21 (87.5%) patients and thoracotomy in 3 (12.5%). Mean operating time was shorter in the RoT group (117 ± 40 min) than in the OT (141 ± 46 min) (p = 0.06), even if not statistically significant. Length of stay was significantly shorter in the RoT group (mean 4.0 ± 1.9 days) than in the OT (mean 5.9 ± 1.7 days) (p = 0.0009). No significant difference between the two groups regarding post-operative complications. Five patients died in the OT group after a median follow-up of 6.1 years (only one for recurrence). After a median follow-up of 1.3 years, all patients in the RoT group were alive without disease. RoT is feasible and safe for early stage thymoma with clear advantage compared to OT in term of short term outcomes. A longer follow-up is needed to better evaluate the oncological results.

No abstract

The low probability of lymph node involvement in NSCLC <1 cm or showing glucose uptake <2 suggests lymphadenectomy could be avoided. A randomized trial should be performed to validate our data.