Our 12-month audit data demonstrate that the initiation of inhaled insulin in this difficult-to-treat group of patients resulted in a significant improvement in glycemic control. The subsequent withdrawal of an alternative and acceptable form of insulin treatment now presents a renewed challenge for our patients and healthcare professionals.
G radable photographs of 81 patients within the Birmingham, Solihull and Black Country diabetic retinopathy screening programme 2004-2011 where Hollenhorst plaque was used in the grading report were reviewed. 60 patients had cholesterol emboli at arteriolar bifurcations. 21 patients had arteriolar sheathing that, unlike cholesterol emboli, did not occur at arteriolar bifurcations and tended to persist unchanged. The aetiology of sheathing was not established but was found in an elderly population with macrovascular disease. The term Hollenhorst plaque should be avoided in retinopathy grading in order to avoid confusion between these different appearances. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis 2012;12:235-237.
The complexity of retinal structure reflects on the difficulty to describe its composite cell interactions and the pathways involved. Microglial cells are the main responsible cell-type for the modulation of immune responses to inflammatory stimuli that occur in the retina in diabetes. The majority of studies on retinal inflammation in diabetic retinopathy in the literature use rodent microglial lines, because of the scarce availability of human cell sources. We carried out a detailed characterization of a
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.