RESUMO-A cultivar de abacaxi 'Vitória' tem como principais características a resistência à fusariose, ausência de espinhos nas folhas, frutos de forma cilíndrica e de polpa branca. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de doses de N, P 2 O 5 e K 2 O no desenvolvimento da folha "D", massa dos frutos, produtividade, produção de mudas e qualidade da polpa do fruto -sólidos solúveis (SS) e acidez titulável (AT). Os tratamentos foram constituídos de cinco níveis de N: 0; 214; 428; 642 e 856 kg ha -1 ; cinco níveis de P 2 O 5 : 0; 75; 150; 225 e 300 kg ha -1 , e cinco níveis de K 2 O: 0; 150; 300; 450 e 600 kg ha -1 dispostos em fatorial fracionado do tipo (1/5) 5 3 em blocos. Doses crescentes de N promoveram maior crescimento da folha "D", produção de mudas, desenvolvimento do fruto e produtividade. A produtividade e a massa média do fruto com coroa alcançaram os valores máximos de 65,0 t ha -1 com 647 kg ha -1 de N e 1.247 g com 660 kg ha -1 de N, respectivamente. Os valores de AT e SS cresceram linearmente em função das doses de potássio implementadas, ao passo que a elevação das doses de nitrogênio apresentou efeito oposto. Mesmo com a baixa disponibilidade de P, não houve resposta a este nutriente. Termos para indexação: Ananas comosus var. comosus, Fusarium guttiforme, fertilização, NPK. EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION WITH NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM ON GROWTH, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF PINEAPPLE 'VITORIA'ABSTRACT-The pineapple cultivar Vitória has as main characteristics resistance to fusariosis, absence of spines on leaves, cylindrical fruit shape and white pulp. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O levels on "D" leaves development, fruit weight, yield, slip production and quality of fruit -soluble solids (SS) and titratable acidity (TA). The treatments consisted of five levels of N (0, 214, 428, 642 and 856 kg ha -1 ), five levels of P 2 O 5 (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg ha -1 ), and five levels of K 2 O (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 kg ha -1 ), arranged in fractional factorial design (1/5) 5 3 in blocks. Increasing doses of N promoted greater vegetative growth of "D" leaves, slip production, fruit development and yield. Yield and fruit weight with crown reached maximum values of 65.0 t ha -1 with 647 kg ha -1 of N and 1,247 g with 660 kg ha -1 of N, respectively. The values of TA (%) and SS increased linearly with the levels of potassium applied, while increasing the levels of nitrogen had the opposite effect. Even with the low availability of P there was no response to this nutrient.
ResumoO presente trabalho teve como objetivo monitorar características vegetativas e dos frutos de mamoeiro (Carica papaya L.), obtidos por seleção massal de plantas da cv. Golden, nos primeiros meses de produção. As amostragens foram realizadas em uma lavoura comercial aos 0, 20, 40, 70, 130, 180, 230, 260, 280, 310 e 340 dias após o plantio (DAP) e os primeiros frutos foram colhidos 230 DAP. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram baixa altura das plantas (199 cm em 340 DAP) e baixa altura da primeira floração (71 cm), aspectos que facilitam a colheita. As plantas apresentaram boa produtividade, com elevado número de folhas (ampla área de recobrimento dos frutos) e cerca de 60 frutos por planta. Os frutos mantiveram características semelhantes aos da cv. Golden. A massa fresca dos frutos variou de 302,4 a 467,5g, encontrando-se dentro da faixa recomendada para comércio interno. A média da espessura da polpa foi de 2,3 cm, atributo de grande interesse econômico. A firmeza da polpa mostrou uma estreita relação com os fatores climáticos, onde grandes variações de temperatura e pluviosidade aceleraram a perda de firmeza. Palavras-chave: Carica papaya L., melhoramento, qualidade do fruto AbstractThe present work had as purpose to evaluate some characteristics of papaya trees (Carica papaya L.), Golden cultivar, obtained trough plant mass selection, regarding plant and fruit quality in the first months of production. The samples were evaluated in a commercial crop at: 0, 20, 40, 70, 130, 180, 230, 260, 280, 310 and 340 days after the planting (DAP) and the first fruits were harvested at 230 DAP. The results showed the low height (199cm in 340 DAP) and low first flowering's heigth (71cm), which is important to facilitate the harvest process. The plants presented good yield with high number of leafs (allowing a great area of fruit cover) and about 60 fruits per plant. The fruits kept similar features to cv. Golden. The fruit's fresh weight ranged from 302.4 to 467.5g, which is in the range of the Brazilian market. The pulp thickness was 2.35cm, which is a feature of great economic interest. The pulp thickness showed close relation with climatic factors, and great variations of temperature and precipitation accelerated the pulp loss of thickness.
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a fruit tree of great economic and food interest worldwide. Its propagation can occur both sexually and asexually. Traditionally, it is propagated by seeds; however, vegetative propagation has been often used with the use of in vitro and ex vitro culture techniques. In vegetative propagation, the cutting method has been extensively explored. Research has also been developed using grafting. In recent years, papaya cultivation has also become a model for other fruit plants in the use of biotechnological techniques aiming applications ranging from germplasm conservation to genetic transformation of plants. Since the beginning of the 1970s, the culture of papaya tree tissues has been intensely studied, allowing greater control of in vitro development, especially for micropropagation, organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis techniques.
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