Efeito da adubação com nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio no desenvolvimento, na produção e na qualidade de frutos do abacaxi 'Vitória'

Abstract

RESUMO-A cultivar de abacaxi 'Vitória' tem como principais características a resistência à fusariose, ausência de espinhos nas folhas, frutos de forma cilíndrica e de polpa branca. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de doses de N, P 2 O 5 e K 2 O no desenvolvimento da folha "D", massa dos frutos, produtividade, produção de mudas e qualidade da polpa do fruto -sólidos solúveis (SS) e acidez titulável (AT). Os tratamentos foram constituídos de cinco níveis de N: 0; 214; 428; 642 e 856 kg ha -1 ; cinco níveis de P 2 O 5 : 0; 75; 150; 225 e 300 kg ha -1 , e cinco níveis de K 2 O: 0; 150; 300; 450 e 600 kg ha -1 dispostos em fatorial fracionado do tipo (1/5) 5 3 em blocos. Doses crescentes de N promoveram maior crescimento da folha "D", produção de mudas, desenvolvimento do fruto e produtividade. A produtividade e a massa média do fruto com coroa alcançaram os valores máximos de 65,0 t ha -1 com 647 kg ha -1 de N e 1.247 g com 660 kg ha -1 de N, respectivamente. Os valores de AT e SS cresceram linearmente em função das doses de potássio implementadas, ao passo que a elevação das doses de nitrogênio apresentou efeito oposto. Mesmo com a baixa disponibilidade de P, não houve resposta a este nutriente. Termos para indexação: Ananas comosus var. comosus, Fusarium guttiforme, fertilização, NPK. EFFECT OF FERTILIZATION WITH NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM ON GROWTH, YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITY OF PINEAPPLE 'VITORIA'ABSTRACT-The pineapple cultivar Vitória has as main characteristics resistance to fusariosis, absence of spines on leaves, cylindrical fruit shape and white pulp. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of N, P 2 O 5 and K 2 O levels on "D" leaves development, fruit weight, yield, slip production and quality of fruit -soluble solids (SS) and titratable acidity (TA). The treatments consisted of five levels of N (0, 214, 428, 642 and 856 kg ha -1 ), five levels of P 2 O 5 (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg ha -1 ), and five levels of K 2 O (0, 150, 300, 450 and 600 kg ha -1 ), arranged in fractional factorial design (1/5) 5 3 in blocks. Increasing doses of N promoted greater vegetative growth of "D" leaves, slip production, fruit development and yield. Yield and fruit weight with crown reached maximum values of 65.0 t ha -1 with 647 kg ha -1 of N and 1,247 g with 660 kg ha -1 of N, respectively. The values of TA (%) and SS increased linearly with the levels of potassium applied, while increasing the levels of nitrogen had the opposite effect. Even with the low availability of P there was no response to this nutrient.

Quality of ‘Imperial’ pineapple infructescence in function of nitrogen and potassium fertilization

“…Vitória increased in titratable acidity (0.38%) and soluble solids (17.62%) linearly. However, the application of N had opposite effect (Caetano et al, 2013). The activity of citratesintase and aconitase promotes changes in the acidity of the pineapple.…”

Growth of leaf D and productivity of ‘Imperial’ pineapple as a function of nitrogen and potassium fertilization

“…Vitória, when the fresh mass of leaf D is equal or greater than 70 g or diameter of the minimum stem of 8.5 cm, with a fruit mass equal or greater than 1.2 kg plant -1 . Some authors such as Silva et al (2012); Caetano et al (2013) and Rodrigues et al (2013) reported an effect on the dry and fresh mass of leaf D, using fertilizations with N and/ or K. Oliveira et al (2015b), under dry conditions, verified maximum leaf mass D in 'Imperial' pineapple of 56 g, obtaining fruits of 1,086 g, with the application of 364 kg ha -1 of N and 600 kg ha -1 of K 2 O, and recommended a minimum mass of 44 g of leaf D for the accomplishment of floral induction in 'Imperial' pineapple to obtain fruits with mass greater or equal to 900 g, and to obtain average (1,200 g) and large fruits (1,800 g), it is necessary to have fresh sheet D mass of 62 and 99 g, respectively. Guarçoni & Ventura (2011) verified in cv.…”

Estimation of Genetic Parameters of Turiaçu Pineapple Clones and Genetic Correlation between Traits

“…This is an important trait for farmers because they use these slips for future plantings, the slips protect the fruits from sunburn [18] and they can be sold, which ensures an extra source of income [19].…”