Background Parasitic infestations of the gastrointestinal tract remain a common problem in third-world countries. Poverty, illiteracy, poor hygiene, scarcity of potable water, as well as the hot and humid tropical climate, are all contributing factors associated with intestinal parasitic infestation. Objective This cross-sectional study aims to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infestation amongst expatriate workers in Benghazi City, Libya. Patients and methods A total of 250 stool samples (200 male and 50 female) were randomly collected between October 2017 to April 2018 from expatriate workers in Benghazi City, Libya. The samples examined were used to detect the presence of intestinal parasitic infestation while the study utilized a pre-tested structure. Cases were matched based on demographic parameters, such as age, gender, and nationality, while the history of diarrhea was recorded using direct smear microscopy for the detection of intestinal parasitic infestation. Results Of the 250 immigrants looking for work, 95 (38%) were found to be infested with two or more intestinal parasites. The protozoa included: Blastocystis hominis, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, Entamoeba dispar, and Cryptosporidium parvum (47.4%, 38.9%, 17.9%, 17.9%, and 4.2%, respectively); the non-pathogenic protozoa included the prevalence of Entamoeba coli (E. coli), which is 12.6%, and the helminth Ascaris lumbricoidesis 1.1%. Conclusion The prevalence of parasitic infection was relatively high (38%) and was affected by individual hygiene. Therefore, comprehensive healthcare education aimed at reducing parasitic infestation is needed.

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The oral cavity of human is colonized by many microorganisms among these Trichomonas tenax and Entamoeba gingivalis, is known as common parasite of oral cavity and sub maxillary glands especially with poor oral hygiene and presence of periodontal disease. This paper describes the prevalence and patterns of Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomona stenaxin person with and without periodontitis in Benghazi, Libya, emphasizing on the gender, age, pH of the saliva, smoking habit. Methods Bio film and saliva samples were taken from 70 patients with periodontitis and 30 healthy individuals. They were spread on sterile swab sample, diluted with saline and examined with a light microscope. Descriptive statistic and chi-square test were used. The overall prevalence of oral parasitic infections among individuals of the sample participant was 24\100 (24%), the prevalence of Trichomonastenax (31.6%) and Entamoeba gingivalis (68.4%) among individuals with periodontal disease, while Trichomonas tenax recorded (20% )  and  Entamoeba gingivalis (80%) among  healthy gingival individuals there was a high significant difference between   periodontal disease compared to healthy gingival group (P=0.000) in the rate of harboring these parasitic infections. Prevalence of oral parasitic infections among individuals of the sample participant was 24\100 (24%). However, further studies are needed to determine the relationship between these species and periodontitis.

Pernicious anemia (also known as Biermer’s disease) is an autoimmune atrophic gastritis which predominantly affects the fundus of the stomach. It results in a deficiency of vitamin B12 (cobalamin) as it affects the normal process of absorption in the ileum. The pernicious anemia is characterized by a wide range of hematological and neurological features. Neurological features can present without hematological manifestations. One of the early neurological features of this anemia is nominal dysphasia (word-finding difficulties), which was usually not reported before as an isolated finding. We present a case of pernicious anemia with isolated nominal dysphasia responding dramatically to parenteral vitamin B12 therapy.

Background: There is a wide variation in the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis in Libyan women. There are no data on prevalence in Libya women with diabetes, a known risk factor for increased genital infection. Objective: We wished to ascertain the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in diabetic women with vaginal discharge in Benghazi, Libya. Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at one specialized polyclinic between November 2011 and December 2013. One hundred and ten pregnant and non-pregnant diabetic women aged 17-52 years who complain of vaginal discharge were interviewed and high vaginal swabs were taken and tested with wet mount and culture to detect Trichomonas vaginalis, candida and bacteria. Random blood glucose levels and VDRL tests were also done for all patients. Results: 27 out of 110 vaginal swabs (24.5%) were positive for Trichomonas vaginalis. The age of the patient, color and smell of the vaginal discharge significantly concurred with the Trichomonas vaginalis infection status. Highest rate of infection (50%) was observed in diabetic women over 40 years of age. Non-pregnant diabetic women had a slightly higher prevalence (27.7%) than pregnant diabetic women (22.2%). Eighteen of all vaginal discharge (16.4%) were positive for Candida albicans. Bacterial vaginosis was mostly due to Staphylococcus spp (100%). Additionally, 4 patients (3.6%) had a positive VDRL test. Conclusion: Nearly quarter of women with type 2 diabetes mellitus presenting with vaginal discharge in Benghazi had Trichomonas vaginalis infection. This is markedly higher than previously reported rates in the general female population of the city.