The quality of the photovoltaic (PV) cell model impacts many simulation studies for PV systems, such as maximum power point tracking and other assessments. Moreover, due to limited information found in the datasheets of the PV cells, several parameters of the model are unavailable. Thus, this paper introduces a novel approach using a hybrid Particle Swarm and Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm to figure out these parameters under different environmental conditions. The proposed algorithm is used with two types of PV cells–Kyocera KC200GT and Canadian solar cell CS6K-280M–and can be used with any commercial type of PV module needing only parameters in the datasheet. The absolute error of the model’s simulation results is compared to the actual results collected from sites in Egypt, in an attempt to investigate the effectiveness of the suggested approach.
In this work ,nanohydroxyapatite was synthesized by two methods, the first method is the natural method which is synthesized from tilapia fish bone, The second method is the chemical method via wet method as model adsorbent for the removal of manganese which often occurs as geogenic contaminants in untreated surface water, ground water and drinking water. The prepared samples were characterized by Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transformation infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, (BET) Brunauer Emmett Teller surface area device, scanning electron microscope(SEM), The Bruker Senterra spectrometer (Raman) and The Inductively coupled plasma mass (ICP-MASS7700). The characterization study demonstrated a substantial improvement in several adsorptive parameters of natural (nHAPn) and chemical nanohydroxyapatite (nHAPE) like surface area and surface morphology, where the surface area of nHAPE and nHAPn were observed (78.019 m²/g) and (26.028 m²/g), respectively.The particles size of nHAPE and nHAPn were (169.9-251.5) nm, (471.5-514.6), nm respectively.Effects of pH, initial concentration, mass of the adsorbent and the contact time on the adsorption capacity were studied. The results showed that the best pH for adsorption was at pH=7, optimum dose of nHAPE and nHAPn at 0.3 g, initial concentration 25 ppm and contact time at 60 min. The maximum removals efficiency of nHAPE and nHAPn were (99.59 %) and (83.
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