Several thieno[2,3‐b]quinolines 6a‐i have been synthesized. These compounds were used as key intermediates in the synthesis of oxazino[4′,5′:4,5]thieno[2,3‐b]quinoline 8, pyrimido[4′,5′:4,5]‐thieno[2,3‐b]quinolines 9–12, triazino[4′,5′:4,5]thieno[2,3‐b] quinolines 14 and imidazo[4′,5′:4,5]‐thieno[2,3‐b]quinolines 17.

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Synthesis of Some Pyrimido(4',5':4,5)thieno(2,3-b)quinolines and Related Heterocycles.-Several thienoquinolines (V) are prepared as key intermediates for the synthesis of a great variety of new tetracyclic thienopyridine derivatives, which are expected to show anti-neoplastic activity. -(ABDEL HAFEZ, A. A.; EL-DEAN, A. K.; HASSAN, A. A.; EL-KASHEF, H. S.; RAULT, S.; ROBBA, M.; J.

Hexavalent chromium is a priority toxic and carcinogenic chemical when present in excess. It is very much required to remove it from effluents before allowing it to enter any water system or on to land. In the present study, the removal of Cr(VI) by adsorptionfrom wastewater using low cost adsorbent modified sugarcane bagasse by tartaric acid (SCB) was studied. The effect of the initial concentration of Cr(VI), bio sorbent dosage, temperature, contact time, and pH were studied. It was noted that the removal decreased with the increase in the initial concentration of Cr(VI) ions and also pH. The adsorption of Cr(VI) from water was favorable at low pH values. The kinetic of the Cr(VI) adsorption on SCB was found to follow pseudo -second order mechanism. The adsorption data can be satisfactorily explained by Freundlich isotherm. This work proved that treated bagasse can be used as an efficient adsorbent material for removal of Cr(VI) from wastewater.

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The adsorption behavior of mordant yellow 12 (4-amino phenyl azo salicylic sodium salt) (MY12) from aqueous solutions using low cost adsorbent citric acid or tartaric acid treated Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was carried out. The experimental results have been investigated according to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The effect of initial concentration of the dye, biosorbent dosage, temperature, contact time and pH were involved in the experiments. It was reported that the maximum removal percentage of MY12 was 95.2 % at pH 2.8 and contact time 40 minutes. The removal percentage decreases, as the concentration of the dye increases. Similar trend was found with the pH factor. The maximum biosorption capacities qe of MY12 by SCB was 8.2 mg g-1. It was concluded that; bagasse can be used as an efficient adsorbent material for the removal of organic dyes from aqueous solutions.

Sugarcane bagasse was collected from different sources(from local juice centre, Egyptian Sugar & Integrated Industries Company, The residue of the sugar production and by scratching of sugarcane). The waxes were extracted using different solvents (water, ethanol, n-hexane, toluene and methylene chloride). The waxes obtained from each solvent containing different components. The extracted waxes were crystallized and then carrying out different analyses for each fraction of them (FT-IR, H NMR and GC-MS spectra), depending on the analyses we determined the wax components.

Antibiotic pollution in the aquatic environment has emerged as one of the most serious concerns caused by the use of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Antibiotic levels in wastewater from pharmaceutical factories and hospitals have been detected at varying levels. An effective method for the removal of ceftriaxone (a β-lactam antibiotic) in aqueous systems has been developed. The method uses Fe(III) to complex ceftriaxone and removes it from the solution. Ultraviolet (UV) and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) detection techniques were used to identify the ceftriaxone-Fe(III) complex, while high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was used to quantify the amount of ceftriaxone removed. Results showed that 99.7 % of ceftriaxone was removed in 3 h by Fe (III) ions in a 1:1 concentration ratio at pH 3.3 and at room temperature. The study demonstrated that reaction time, and concentration ratio of the reactants are critical parameters for effective complexation. The complexation reaction technique has the potential to be used in a treatment process for the removal of ceftriaxone chemically from industrial wastewater. However, a neutralization step is required to process the waste aqueous phase.