Non-traditional plant oils, such as cold pressed black cumin (Nigella sativa) seeds oil and oils extracted by n-hexane in the lab conditions from food industry by-products, namely, apricot kernels (Prunus armeniaca), wheat germ (Triticum vulgare), grape seeds (Vitis vinifera), and tomato seeds (Lycopersicon esculentum) were investigated. Bioactive compounds such as phytosterols, tocopherols, and tocotrienols, and also fatty acid composition were determined by GLC and HPLC. The oxidative stability index of oils was evaluated by rancimat method. The fatty acid composition of lipids from apricot kernels was different from the other oils. The contribution of oleic acid in apricot oil amount 66.77%, while in the other oils ranged from 12.39% to 21.86%. The highest level of a-linolenic acid was determined in wheat germ oil (7.58%). Concerning phytosterols, b-sitosterol was major component in all oils extracted from nontraditional sources, with wheat germ oil being the richest in total phytosterol content. Wheat germ oil was very rich in campesterol and sitostanol. It was found that wheat germ, black cumin seed, tomato seed, and apricot kernel oils contained significant amount of citrostadienol. Concerning the vitamin E, it was found that black cumin seed oil contained highest amount of tocotrienols and gamma tocopherols, while, tomato seed oil contain highest amount of gamma-tocotrienols. Wheat germ oil was unique in having a high content of alpha-tocopherol. Apricot kernel and wheat germ oils showed the highest oxidative stability as shown from its induction period compared to the other investigated oils. It is recommended that these oils can be utilized as sources of value added products, natural antioxidants, edible, and healthy oils.

Pomegranate, similar to other fruits, has juice-extraction by-products. Pomegranate seed oil (PGO) is a non-traditional oil with health benefits, rich in bioactive components. This study was aimed to assess PGO phytochemicals and their influence as bioactive components to reduce mycotoxin secretion. The encapsulation was applied in micro and nanoforms to protect the quality and enhance the efficacy of the oil. The PGO was extracted using ultrasound-assisted methods. Carotenoids, tocochromanols, sterols, phenolic, flavonoid, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity were determined. The fatty acid profile was analyzed by the GC-MS, while mycotoxin was determined utilizing the HPLC apparatus. The toxicity and protective action of oil were examined using the hepatocytes’ cell line. The resultant oil acts as oleoresin that is rich in bioactive molecules. Phenolics and antioxidant potency recorded higher values compared to traditional vegetable oils, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids were 87.51%. The major fatty acid was conjugated punicic acid (81.29%), which has high biological effects. Application of the PGO on fungal media reduced aflatoxins secretion up to 63%, and zearalenone up to 78.5%. These results confirm the bio-functionality of oil to regulate the fungal secondary metabolites process. The PGO is a unique prospective non-traditional oil and has several functionalities in food, which achieve nutritional, antioxidant, and anti-mycotoxigenic activities.

The American Heart Association recommended the fatty acid balance contributed by all the fats in our diet, suggesting it would be best at approximately 1:1:1 for saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), respectively. Three individual oils: palm oil (PO), soybean oil (SBO) and sunflower oil (SNF) and their binary and ternary blends were prepared and used for repeated deep-fat frying of French fries. The acid value, peroxide value, p-anisidine value and Totox values, as well as oxidative stability, contents of total polar compounds, tocochromanols, triacylglycerol dimers and oligomers, were determined in individual and blended oils. The lowest Totox value and highest stability were found for PO, and the opposite data were obtained for SNF and SBO. The degradation of tocochromanols in blends ranged from 91% to 95% after 4 days of frying, while in individual oils, it was 63% in SBO, 71% in SNF and 100% in PO. The lowest formation of dimers and oligomers was observed for the PO: SNF blend. Obtained results showed that only pure PO was a better frying medium than its blends with SBO and SNF. However, a prepared blend had a better fatty acid composition for human health and was more stable than pure SBO and SNF.Stability of blended oils during deep-fat frying M. Rudzi nska et al.

W ILD Opuntia ficus-indica is a plant commonly grown in the desert. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition; fatty acids, macro and micro-elements, vitamin C, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Opuntia Ficus indica byproducts (cladodes and fruit peels)on its nutritional quality, as well as, their antimicrobial, and antioxidant efficacy. Dietary fiber was 30.68 ± 5.28 in peels and 25.65 ± 3.07 in cladodes. The total phenolic content for each byproduct was estimated as 520±2.64 and 788±1.35 mg GAE/g for fruit peels and cladodes, respectively.Whereas flavonoids were estimated as 65.7±3.41 and 25.36 ± 1.55 mg Cat., /g for fruit peels and cladodes respectively. Results reflected considerable content of microelements and omega fatty acids. Eicosadionic was the major fatty acid component and it recorded 32.1 and 38.4% for fruit peel and cladodes, respectively. Byproducts extract demonstrated an efficiency against bacteria and toxigenic fungi. Inhibition impact of byproducts was very clear on Fusariumfungi using diffusion assay on agar media. The unique chemical composition and distinctive minor components of cladodes and peels reflected distinguishing bioactivity against harmful food-microorganisms. This could benefitfor food safety particularly against toxigenic fungi. It could be concluded that Opuntia Ficus indica byproducts are promising for the application in the food industry.

For the increase of oxidative stability and phytonutrient contents of rapeseed oil 5, 10 and 20 % blends with rice bran oil and black cumin oil were prepared. Profiles of different bioactive lipid components of blends including tocopherols, tocotrienols, phytosterols and phytostanols as well as fatty acid composition were carried out using HPLC and GLC. Rancimat was used for detecting oxidative stability of the fatty material. The blends with black cumin seed oil characterized higher level of α- and γ-tocopherols as well as all isomers of tocotrienols. Presence of rice bran oil in blends leads to increased tocotrienols amounts, β-sitosterol and squalene. Blending resulted in lowering ratio of PUFA/SFA and improves stability of these oils. The ratio of omega-6/omega-3 raises from 2.1 in rapeseed oil to 3.7 and 3.0 in blends with black cumin and rice bran oils, respectively. Addition of 10 and 20 % of black cumin and rice bran oils to rapeseed oil were influenced on the oxidative stability of prepared blends. The results appear that blending of rapeseed oil with black cumin seed oil or rice bran oil enhanced nutritional and functional properties via higher oxidative stability as well as improved phytonutrient contents.

The Aim: The aim of this study is to explore a new application for turning low value byproducts to value added bioactive components using a simple technique. Study Design: The large amounts of byproducts resulted had an environmentally harmful; the phenolic components were extracted using aqueous isopropanol from olive leaves and pomace. Place and Duration of Study: samples were analysed in laboratories of Fats and

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