This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and the local antibiogram of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in Al-Hussein Hospital at King Hussein Medical Centre in Amman, Jordan. In a retrospective study from January to December 2013, data on 116 non-repetitive positive clinical samples were retrieved from patients' laboratory records. The resistance rates of A. baumannii isolates were high for ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and ticarcillin (100%), ceftazidime, cefepime and piperacillin (98.3%), imipenem (97.4%), piperacillin/ tazobactam (96.6%), quinolones (94.8%), ampicillin/sulbactam (89.7%), gentamicin, (87.9%), tobramycin and tetracycline (76.7%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (75.9%), but lower for minocycline (26.7%) and colistin (1.7%). A. baumannii in our hospital were highly resistant to all antibiotics, including tigecycline, except for minocycline and colistin which are considered the last resort treatment for multidrug-resistant A. baumannii. baumannii étaient élevés pour la céftriaxone, la céfotaxime et la ticarcilline (100 %), la ceftazidime, la céfépime et la pipéracilline (98,3 %), l'imipénème (97,4 %), la pipéracilline/le tazobactam (96,6 %), les quinolones (94,8 %), l'ampicilline/le sulbactam (89,7 %), la gentamicine (87,9 %), le tobramycine et la tétracycline (76,7 %) et le triméthoprime/le sulfaméthoxazole (75,9 %), mais étaient moins élevés pour la minocycline (26,7 %) et la colistine (1,7 %). Dans notre hôpital, A. baumannii était très résistant à tous les antibiotiques, notamment à la tigécycline, sauf à la minocycline et à la colistine, qui étaient considérées comme le traitement de dernier recours contre les souches d'A. baumannii multirésistantes. ‫حسني‬ ‫امللك‬ ‫مركز‬‫املتوسط‬ ‫لرشق‬ ‫الصحية‬ ‫املجلة‬ ‫العرشون‬ ‫و‬ ‫احلادي‬ ‫املجلد‬ ‫عرش‬ ‫احلادي‬ ‫العدد‬ 829

To determine the prevalence and the antibiotic resistant patterns of the multi-drug resistant Extended-Spectrum Β-Lactamase(ESBL) producing E. coli isolates from children urine samples, in Queen Rania Al-Abdullah Hospital for children.A total of 61 non-repetitive urine samples from various outpatient clinics and inpatient wards were collected retrospectively over a period of 5 months (May 2012 to September 2012). The resistant patterns, screening and confirmatory tests for phenotypic detection of ESBL-producers were studied using the VITEK 2 system against a set of antibiotics found on the antimicrobial susceptibility extend card AST-EXN8.Children were nearly equally infected by both types of E. coli isolates, ESBL-producers 31 (50.8%) and non ESBL-producers 30 (49.2%). ESBL-producing E. coli showed maximum rate resistance to Cefuroxime and Piperacillin (100%), Aztreonam, Cefixime, Ceftriaxone plus Levofloxacin (96.8%), Ampicillin/Sulbactam and Cefepime (93.5%), and Moxifloxacin (90.3%), while minimum resistance rate was seen with Tigecycline (12.9%), Colistin (3.2%) and meropenem (0%). ESBL-producing isolates were significantly more resistant than Non-ESBL-producers (p < 0.05) to the following antimicrobials (Ampicillin/Sulbactam, Aztreonam, Cefepime, Cefixime, Ceftriaxone, Levofloxacin, Moxifloxacin, Piperacillin and Tetracycline). Multi-drug resistance was found to be higher in ESBL-producing isolates, which were resistant to at least 9 antibiotics. To limit the spread of the multi-drug resistant ESBL-producers E. coli isolates, we should perform screening test for these isolates on daily basis, isolate the infected patients and choose the best therapeutic option.According to the resistant pattern and safety issue, Morepenem can be considered as first line treatment and colistin as last resort therapy.

No abstract

A national pharmacovigilance database was created recently at the Rational Drug Use and Pharmacovigilance Department at Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA). This study was based on the analysis of the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reports submitted to the national pharmacovigilance (PV) database in Jordan from 2010 to 2014.The aims of this study were to identify the most frequently body system classes and the most common ADRs for the four major classes of dugs implicated in the PV database and include: antineoplastics, immunomodulators, antibiotics and analgesics. The most affected systems by ADRs in our study were the skin and the gastrointestinal (GI) systems. The skin ADRs associated with the use of antineoplastics were skin rash, hand and foot syndrome and acral erythema, and the most frequent GI ADRs were vomiting and diarrhea. The most affected system by the use of the immunomodulators was the blood system and the most common ADRs were anemia, thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. The most commonly ADRs following analgesics use were GI bleeding and duodenal ulcer and the skin reactions were rash, itching and flushing. Analysis of the national PV database provides close monitoring and more information about the safety of medicine in Jordan. All Health care provider should be aware of the importance of reporting of adverse reactions and should be encouraged to report suspected ADRs and be trained in detecting, diagnosing and treating patients with adverse effects of drugs.

Knowledge, attitude, and practice toward pharmacovigilance (PV) among healthcare providers are strongly associated with reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This study was conducted to evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practice toward pharmacovigilance and to identify barriers for ADR reporting among physicians working at public and private hospitals in Jordan. This study was conducted using an online questionnaire in the Arabic language, designed by the members of the Health Hazard Evaluation Committee of the Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA) between (August 2016 to December 2017). The questionnaire was completed using Google Forms online. A total of 341 physicians completed the questionnaire online. The rate of reporting of ADRs is low among physicians, only 4.7% have reported an ADR. The majority of physicians had never heard the term PV before. Respondents also lacked awareness of the existence of a PV centre in Jordan, and were unaware that monitoring of ADRs is carried out by the JFDA. Although the majority of physicians had never seen the ADR form, many had positive attitudes toward reporting ADRs. According to participant responses, the main barriers to reporting are: 1) not knowing how to report, 2) not knowing the importance of reporting, 3) unavailability of the ADR form, and 4) general time pressure in the work environment. Although there is a low rate of ADR reporting among physicians, doctors have a positive attitude toward PV and are willing to implement ADR reporting in their practices. More education and training sessions are needed in order to raise physician awareness and knowledge of PV, and to enhance ADR reporting.