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Wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless ad hoc network that consists of a very large number of tiny sensor nodes communicating with each other with limited power and memory constrain. WSN demands real-time forwarding which means messages in the network are delivered according to their end-to-end deadlines (packet lifetime). Since many sensor networks will be deployed in critical applications, security is essential. Recently, many real-time routing protocols have been proposed, but none is designed with security. This paper proposes a novel secure real-time with load distribution (SRTLD) routing protocol that provides secure real-time data transfer and efficient distributed energy usage in WSN. The SRTLD routing protocol ensures high packet throughput and minimized packet overhead. It has been successfully studied and verified through simulation and real test bed implementation.

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Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) is a style of high‐mobility mobile ad hoc network where the mobile nodes are vehicles traveling across a road or a street. VANET was proposed to provide safety, comfortability, reliability, and security of vehicles driving. One of the serious challenges is handover (HO) problem that occurs when a vehicle moves from one network area covered by a roadside unit (RSU) to another network area covered by a different RSU. The fast mobility of vehicles and the limited coverage area of the RSU (without overlapping signals) should be considered in providing a seamless HO. This paper presents a comprehensive survey on HO management for VANET based on the new features of fifth‐generation (5G) mobile network technologies. The 5G mobile network technology provides enhanced characteristics that will fit the requirements of real‐time video streaming and assist to design an effective solution for the HO problem. In addition, this paper presents the reasons for HO failures and the limitations of available HO failure solutions. Furthermore, it highlights the potential proposed solutions that will tackle the HO failures. This survey will open up the gate of developing an optimal solution based on 5G for HO problem on VANET that might be used in vehicles manufacturing.