Cooperatives societies are seen as dependable and quick financial bailout institutions which can be used by business owners to secure quick and minimum interest on loans. This ethnographic study provides an understanding of the lending activities and criteria of obtaining a loan from co-operative societies in Ibadan, Nigeria as well as the social factors influencing how people access these loans. This empirical study gathered data using unobtrusive observation by attending weekly meetings of the cooperative (comprising of 102 members), asking questions during discussion times in the meeting as well as interacting with members of the co-operative society for 18 months. Additionally, 10 key informant interviews were done. Findings show that a strong social capital is needed and vital in obtaining loans in a co-operative society. The study concluded that cooperative societies are effective in lending business loans and supporting entrepreneurship but intending members must plan to join alongside others who can stand as guarantors for them in order to access loans easily and quickly. It is recommended that cooperative societies should find a modality of assisting those with no social resource to stand for them as guarantor in order to be able to help more people to start or grow their business enterprise. Those with no social resources should mingle well with other members in order to build one.
Given that in many parts of the world, stereotyped gender roles are associated with prejudiced gender differential roles and authority for leadership. However, with the increasing transition of women into productive economic due to cultural shifts and social re-examination of gender relations, there seemed to be some evidence of reduced female gender prejudices and equal perception of leadership role and effectiveness. This paper describes the realities of female gender experiences in leadership position of the Oyo state civil service. The study reveals that patriarchal dispositions were precluded as a significant constraint to roles and approval of leadership effectiveness. Grade-level appraisal outcome performance and vacancy for career advancement and/or leadership roles and effectiveness was largely gender neutral. Vacancy to fill, with consideration for indigenous and ethnic identity quotas soften appraisal performance and/or reduce female gender bias for leadership roles. Effective leadership demands are based on a contextual expectation for performance. The paper concludes that with the contradiction and changing of patriarchal structures, the experienced realities of the women of their roles and leadership experiences reflect the deterioration in such structures and equal career advancement without regard for gender.
A definitive element of labor market is gender-based occupational segregation. Most previous studies on the subject of gender and labor have concentrated on gender mainstreaming and glass ceiling in formal economy with little attention to gender and informal economy. Hence, there has been very little attention to men venturing into female areas of traditional informal economy of Africa. This article, therefore, contributes fresh insights and interesting new knowledge on the emerging gender dynamics in contexts of Africa’s informal economy usually dominated by women. This article investigates men’s involvement in hairdressing, an area commonly considered as women’s jobs, the factors that led men to engage in hairdressing, the unique challenges male hairdressers face as a result of working in a female-dominated field, and their coping mechanisms. Qualitative and quantitative data gathered were analyzed through Content analysis (qualitative data) and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS; quantitative data). Quantitative data were analyzed at univariate and bivariate levels. The results show that a large percentage of the customers prefer Male Hairdressers as they believe male hairdressers are good at the profession. Findings suggest the country’s high unemployment rate is, largely accountable, for men’s venturing into the Hairdressing Industry as an adaptive mechanism in complicated and precarious socioeconomic context and tidal system of social change.
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