Subjective well-being (SWB) is the form of well-being which focuses on people's feelings

All over the world the rural women participate in livestock management and are also involved in agricultural tasks. Women manage and care their animals in good way as compared with men. Women work more hardly in rural activities i.e. domestic, livestock and farming activities. Women have more importance as compared to men in livestock care and management. In the world, two-third of rural people and minority of sub-urban poor people depends on livestock for their livelihood. Approximately 35 million people are involved in livestock related activities (Holmaan et al., 2005). In Punjab, women spend most of the time in different activities such as processing of milk, making and collecting dung cake, cleaning of animals sheds, watering, bathing, making dung-pads and cleaning sheds and grazing animals (Nazli and Hamid, 2007). They also perform difficult tasks like fodder chopping, fodder cutting, rearing, marketing, milking and treatment of animals. Therefore, rural women are involved in almost all livestock-related activities. But, their involvement in livestock-sector is considered as part of their housework and their role in livestock-sector is always undervalued. In the Punjab province of Pakistan, a large number of women participate in livestock care and crop production (FAO, 2015; Arshad et al.Livestock, considered as 'Black Gold of Pakistan' is also considered as sub-sector of agricultural economy in Pakistan. In livestock care and management, gender roles between men and women are different (marketing system, transport, accommodation, sexual harassment and abuse). The experience of women and men are different: vulnerability and risks, value chains, policy, climate change, shocks, anima diseases, political ups and downs, family shocks, information accessibility, introduced new technology, income generation activities, introduce new programs: different trainings programs are introduced, specially community management, livestock management, production and care programs (IFAD, The discussion reflects a great participation of women and their extensive role to manage livestock-related activities are always undervalued. Due to our social values and cultural system. Therefore, this study is designed with the objectives to study the extent of women's involvement in livestock care and management, assess the implications of livestock related work for women's social life and assess some policy measure for women's empowerment in Punjabi society. MATERIALS AND METHODSA sample survey was carried out according to the plan of the research. The study was conducted in the rural areas of Punjab, province of Pakistan. Multi-stage sampling technique Pak.Livestock is a natural resource of good quality food, milk, meat, yogurt, butter, etc. Rural women actively participate in livestock management activities but their role is undervalued even though their social life is negatively affected. This paper is an attempt to analyze women's involvement in livestock care and management and its implications for their social life. Multistage sam...

The study was design to understand men's attitude and perceptions towards women's education. The study was conducted in District Nankana Sahib, Punjab Pakistan. Through multistage sampling total 90 respondents were selected. An interview schedule was used to collect data, and statistically analyzed. Gamma and chi-square tests were applied. So, it is concluded that people are given preference of their males for attaining education as compare to females and the major reason behind this, males support their parents. A big hurdle faced by the female in the study area was "Distance" because schools are far away from their household. The gamma value shows that aged people, illiterate and low-income respondents preferred male education as compare to female. Therefore, it will be recommended that adult literacy initiatives should be implemented in rural areas. It is important to use the mass media to raise awareness of the advantages of female education and the importance of family.

Subjective well-Being (SWB) means people’s feelings, emotions, innersatisfaction, happiness and their positive or negative thinking towards life events. Highersocio-economic status (SES) is associated with higher levels of SWB. Objective: The aim ofthe present study was to determine the level of SWB in Pakistani children. Furthermore, theimpact of age and SES on SWB of children was also investigated. Study Design: A randomsampling technique was employed. Setting: Private and public schools of Faisalabad. Period:two months. Material & Methods: Two hundred Students (100 girls and 100 boys) betweenthe ages of 9-12 years were taken from the private and public schools of Faisalabad. The datawas collected from the participants through face to face interview. A validated and reliableinventory Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale (SLSS-4) was employed. The collected data wasanalysed by bivariate correlation and independent t test. Results: Results show that most(81.5%) of the children has high level of SWB. Young children (9-10 years) have significantly (p=0.005) higher level of SWB than older children (11-12 years). Furthermore, the study found asignificant positive relationship (p = 0.008, r= 0.187) between SWB and SES. Conclusions: Itis concluded that the level of SWB in Pakistani children is high and SWB varies with regard toage. SWB and SES are positively associated with each other. When programmes and policiesare developed for improvement of human life satisfaction particularly for children, involvementof age and SES factors must be considered.

Purpose of the study: The main purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of farm families with a special focus on primary school children in Punjab. Methodology: This study was conducted in tehsil Jaranwala, Faisalabad. Five villages and two primary schools were selected from each village randomly. From these schools, 323 children whose fathers were farmers were selected as samples. A cross-sectional research design was used for the present study. In this context, an interview schedule was prepared and face-to-face interviews were administered to collect the required data. Main Findings: The chi-square analysis confirmed that education, and income of parents associated factors had a statistically significant (P<0.05) and positive correlation with BMI. Descriptive statistics indicated poverty was ranked 1st among reasons for malnutrition followed by inappropriate dietary choices and unavailability of healthy foods with mean values of 4.25 and 4.11, respectively. Whereas, children don't want to come to school due to poor health" was ranked 1st in all effects of poor health with a mean value of 4.50. Applications of the study: This study has highlighted the importance of the nutritional status of primary school-going children and also investigates the different factors that inverse impact on their health. This study will be proved helpful among farm families by creating awareness about the nutrition of children. Based on the findings of this study, the urge to the government to take steps to improve the literacy level and build strategies to improve the awareness level of mothers about the nutrition of children, especially in rural areas.  The novelty of the Study: This is the first study that investigates the assessment of the nutritional status of school-going children of farm families in Punjab, Pakistan especially in tehsil Jaranwala, Faisalabad.

Purpose of the study: The major purpose of this study was to enhance food security by reducing wheat losses. Methodology: A mixed-method research was used for data collection. Six focus group discussions and six key-informant interviews were conducted to cover qualitative aspects while 400 face-to-face interviews were conducted. The study was conducted in three randomly selected districts of Punjab. Six tehsils, two from each district were further selected randomly. From each selected tehsils, four hundred farming households were selected through a proportionate sampling technique, and data were collected through an interview schedule. : For the qualitative aspect thematic analysis was used to analyze data. The quantitative data were analyzed through the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) Main Findings: The result of the present study shows that majority of respondents having old age were doing wheat post-harvest activities and they have only a primary level of education. The farmers who have access to extension services had less level of losses rather than others.   Qualitative results show that the farmers who are trained with techniques to manage post-harvest activities have fewer losses as compare to the farmers who are not trained. Applications of this study: It is concluded that hurdles regarding canal water, marketing, transportation, and practices of traditional methods for wheat storage lead to post-harvest losses as well. It is a sheer need of time to train the people (involved in postharvest management activities) to reduce the postharvest losses according to their needs.

The present study was intended to determine the level and factors of nurse’s job satisfaction working at public hospitals of Multan city, Pakistan. A cross-sectional survey was employed to collect data (March, 2019-May, 2019) from 441 nurses by utilizing a disproportionate sampling technique. Data collection was done by the application of a self-administered questionnaire e.g. McCloskey/ Mueller Satisfaction Scale. (MMSS).The level of J.S was measured by correlation analysis and to determine the most prevalent factor of J.S regression analysis was done. Correlation coefficient value of socio-demographic variables described that cadre, shiftwork, work experience, marital status, no of children, and working hours demonstrated a significant relationship with J.S. However, regression analysis of MMSS demonstrated a strong positive association with J.S. Nurse's satisfaction could be improved through cultivating a positive work environment, increase in remuneration, decrease in workload, and maintaining work/family balance.

We conducted this study to analyzed the current workload of secondary school teachers in the city of Faisalabad and the effects of workload on the motivation among teachers. A total of 112 randomly selected secondary school teachers participated in the data collection process on a structured and validated questionnaire. Collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive statistical techniques were applied to the data. The results indicated that an average of 65.8 students were in the class and teachers had an average of 6.02 periods in a day. The average number of courses taught was 4.24 and the average number of classes managed by each teacher was 4.32. Extensive documentary work, managing extra time for co-curricular activities and curriculum activities and involvement in irrelevant activities were the leading activities exacerbating the workload. The workload of teachers had adverse effects on class performance, teaching quality, teaching skills and health, as perceived by the respondents. Teachers suggested a collaborative working environment, discouraging irrelevant assignments, incentives for the teachers for performing extra duties, and management of workload to improve the motivation level of teachers. This study suggested a teacher-friendly policy which could keep teachers easy to boost their level of motivation for a more conducive learning environment Teachers should be imparted with bimonthly training, especially on workload management and stress management.