SYNOPSIS
Using a questionnaire, the prevalence of headache as a primary symptom was investigated amongstudents of University of Ilorin. A total of 448 female and 1308 male students who constitute 72% and 69%respectively of the entire female and male student population of the University were studied.
61% of the females and 69% of the males suffered from recurrent headache. Classical migraine wasfound among 5.1% of the female and 3.4% of the male students respectively. Common migraine occurredabout 3 times as frequently as classical migraine. Muscle contraction ‐ Vascular headache was thecommonest type of headache and was diagnosed in 24% of the female and 33% of the male students.Tension headache affected 16.5% and 9.9% of the female and male students respectively, while clusterheadache was the affliction of 3 male students who constitute about 0.2% of the male student population.
The commonest precipitating factors for the headache were mental and physical exhaustion, heat andmental stress for female students, and for male students, they were mental stress and alcohol. It isconcluded that recurrent headache is a very common symptom among the University students of Nigeria.
Background:
Breastfeeding is a child survival intervention, which is effective in reducing child mortality. This study compared the knowledge, attitude, and practice of breastfeeding among mothers of under-five children in rural and urban communities of Lagos, Southwest Nigeria.
Methods:
This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in Ikeja and Ikorodu, an urban and a rural local government area (LGA) of Lagos state, respectively. A total of 248 mothers of children under 5 years were selected from both areas using multistage sampling technique and subsequently interviewed. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 20. Chi-squared test was used for urban and rural comparisons.
Results:
The respondents with good level of knowledge of breastfeeding in the urban and rural areas were 84.7% and 89.5%, respectively (
P
= 0.256). The overall positive attitude was 52.4% and 57.3% among the urban and rural respondents, respectively (
P
= 0.444). More than three-quarters (75.8%) of the respondents in the rural LGA and 43.5% of the urban respondents initiated breastfeeding immediately after birth (
P
< 0.001). Most of the rural respondents who had babies aged 0–24 months (46.8%) were currently breastfeeding their babies compared to 25.9% of their urban counterparts (
P
= 0.001). Furthermore, 79.8% of the rural respondents had practiced or were currently practicing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) compared to 29.0% of the urban respondents (
P
< 0.001), with more urban women citing work resumption as reason for nonpractice of EBF (
P
= 0.010). The overall good practice was 16.1% and 69.4% among the urban and rural respondents, respectively (
P
< 0.001).
Conclusion:
Respondents' knowledge about breastfeeding was good, while their attitude was fair. The practice of breastfeeding among urban respondents was however low. Government and nongovernmental agencies should focus on programs that improve the attitude and breastfeeding practice of urban women.
As countries continue to invest in quality improvement (QI) initiatives in health facilities, it is important to acknowledge the role of context in implementation. We conducted a qualitative study between February 2019 and January 2020 to explore how a QI initiative was adapted to enable implementation in three facility types: primary health centres, public hospitals and private facilities in Lagos State, Nigeria. Despite a common theory of change, implementation of the initiative needed to be adapted to accommodate the local needs, priorities and organisational culture of each facility type. Across facility types, inadequate human and capital resources constrained implementation and necessitated an extension of the initiative’s duration. In public facilities, the local governance structure was adapted to facilitate coordination, but similar adaptations to governance were not possible for private facilities. Our findings highlight the importance of anticipating and planning for the local adaptation of QI initiatives according to implementation environment.
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