No abstract

No abstract

The growing world population with increasingly demanding consumers has led to considering insects as part of are normal diet since they are good sources of proteins, and could therefore potentially contribute to global food security. This study produced Oryctes rhinoceros L. larvae powder and investigated the impact of preparation and processing methods (degutted; roasted and dried) on some quality parameters of O. rhinoceros larvae powder. Each batch was prepared with and without their gut respectively. Physico-chemical analyses were determined on the powder, while sensory evaluation was carried out on the whole O. rhinoceros larvae using standard procedures. Moisture content of the powders ranged from 3.57 - 5.66%, protein content (51.60 - 62.65%), fat (8.71 – 12.67%), ash (3.97 - 10.25%), fibre (15.57 - 19.52%) and carbohydrate (0.12 - 6.56%). The results of functional properties revealed a range of 2.64 – 2.98 mg/g for water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity of 2.43- 2.70 mg/g and bulk density of 0.48 – 0.51 g/mL. Processing (roasting and oven drying) had no significant effect on the sensory and physico-chemical properties of whole O. rhinoceros larvae and O. rhinoceros larvae powder, while the removal of the gut significantly contributed to the improvement of the quality and sensory appeal of O. rhinoceros larvae.

Aims:To apply Box-Behnken Response Surface Methodology in obtaining optimum conditions for first drying and infusion-second drying stages in Kilishi production. Study Design: Thin slices/strips of beef were subjected to drying under varying conditions. Moisture Loss and Yield was determined. Place and Duration of Study: UNIBEN Kilishi factory, Methodology: The independent variables for the first drying stage were meat thickness (3 mm -5 mm), drying temperature (40 -60°C) and drying time (3 -5 h) with moisture loss being the response. For the infusion-second stage drying, the independent variables were ingredient concentration (50 -70%), infusion time (20 -40 min), drying temperature (40 -60°C) and drying time (4 -6 h) while the response was apparent yield. Surface and Contour maps were generated. Results: The optimum conditions for first stage drying were 3 mm meat thickness, 60°C drying temperature and a drying time of 3 h, with an optimum moisture loss of 63.19%. For the infusion- Adeboye et al.; JALSI, 12(4): 1-16, 2017; Article no.JALSI.34497 2 second drying process, the optimum conditions were 66% ingredient concentration, 20 min infusion time, 60°C drying temperature and drying time of 4 h with optimum yield of 62%. The processing time was reduced from 72 hours to 7.5 h. Conclusion: These conditions obtained can be employed for large scale industrial processing. Original Research Article

In this study, the effect of different stages of ripening, i.e. unripe, semi-ripe and ripe, on quality parameters of oils extracted from the kernels of Mango (Magnifera indica) seeds was investigated. The kernels were oven-dried and oil extracted from them using soxhlet apparatus and n-hexane as solvent. The fatty acid profile, phospholipids, sterol contents and some chemical properties such as saponification value, peroxide value, iodine value and acid value of oils obtained from the seeds at different level of maturity were determined. The results show that the oils are rich in saturated fatty acid most especially stearic and palmitic acids varying from 34.36 - 37.86% and 8.84 -10.66 % respectively. The predominant unsaturated fatty acid present in the oils is oleic acid ranging from 41.96 – 45.65 %. For the chemical parameters, the peroxide values (1.82 - 2.23 %) meq/kg, acid values (5.00 – 5.50) mg/KOH/g decreased with fruit maturity. For phospholipids, phosphatidyl choline (380 – 451 mg/100 g) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine (217.42 - 342.63 mg/100 g) having the highest quantities, they all increased with fruit maturity except sphingomyelin and phosphatidic acid. Stigmasterol, sitosterol and cholesterol contents of the oils decreased with fruit maturity while Δ-5-avenasterol, campesterol and the cholestanol contents increased with fruit maturity. Sitosterol and stigmasterol and had the highest values at 345.81 - 386.96 mg/100 g and 83.70 – 137.09 mg/100 g respectively. Conclusively, the kernel oils have potential for use as domestic and industrially as a non-conventional source of vegetable oil in chocolate and confectionery products.