In recent years the popularity of ecological and renewable materials has grown. Aware of the availability of local resources and economic grounds, the attention is paid to the development geopolymer composite. Geopolymers are inorganic polymers that are formed by the polymerization reaction of silico-aluminate and silico-oxide. The aim of the research was to develop single maize stalk cellulose fiber reinforced calcined kaolinte caly based geopolymer composite. Kaolinite clay was characterized for its chemical composition from two different sites located in Ethiopia to use as precursor material. In addition to that, single maize stalk fiber was extracted from the maize stalk local variety by using a retting process, sodium hydroxide purity 98 % used for chemical treatment of the fiber for 30 minutes and its tensile strength 1184 Mpa and young modulus 16 Gpa were determined based on AST M D3822 to use as reinforcement. Sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate in appropriate ratio were used as an alkaline activator. Therefore, the geopolymer composite developed from chemical treated short single maize stalk cellulose fiber and calcined kaolinite clay based geopolymer matrix activated by sodium water glass. Geopolymer composites reinforced with 0 weight%, 0.1 weight%, 0.2 weight%, 0.6 weight%, and 1 weight% maize stalk single cellulose were prepared and tested for compression strength according to AST M C 1424. Measured compression strength ranged from 16 Mpa up to 27 Mpa. The result shows that the appropriate addition of single maize stalk cellulose fibers can improve the Compression strength of a calcined kaolinite based geopolymer
Maize stalk and husk fibers, as reinforcement, have recently attracted the attention of researchers because of their advantages over other established materials. They are environmentallyfriendly, fully biodegradable, abundantly available, non-toxic, non-abrasive, renewable, cheap, and have low density. Cellulose fiber extracted from maize stalk using retting process then its tensile strength and young modulus determined according to ASTM D3822. the fiber specimen were subjected to uniaxial tensile loading at a rate of 100mm/min. Form the recorded load -elongation result ,tensile stresses and young modulus were determined. The maize stalk and husk fiber image were captured by biological microscope. Cross sectional width was measured using TS view software. The results were 44μm and 73μm respectively. The measured ultimate tensile stress for maize stalk cellulose fiber treated by NaOH purity 98% for 30 minutes ranged from 625Mpa to 1478Mpa (average 1184.04Mpa), young modulus from 6728.99Mpa to 24107.94Mpa (average 16.27Gpa) and for maize husk fiber treated by NaOH the measured ultimate tensile stress ranged from 446.44Mpa to 1609.66Mpa (average 973.9Mpa), Young modulus from 3121.94Mpa to 13342..63Mpa (average 6.24Gpa). Keyword-fiber, cellulose, retting, test, maize 1. INTRODUCTION Agricultural residue is becoming a major source of fibers in the development of composites in building and packaging industries. Nature has given an immense source of natural fibers to human kind. Among them, plant fibers or cellulosic or vegetable fibers are dominating in building and packaging. Natural fibers possess a lot of favorable advantages over synthetic fibers in terms of cost, density, and bio-degradability, good acoustic, mechanical properties. Abundance, renewable, ease of separation, and carbon dioxide sequestration. Unlike brittle synthetic fibers, natural fibers are flexible and less likely to fracture during composite processing. This enables the fibers to maintain the appropriate aspect ratios to provide good composite reinforcement [1]. Maize is the global leading cereal in terms of production with 1,016 million metric tons (MMT) produced on 184 million hectares (M ha) globally [2]. The increasing demand for maize and its global advance will imply by 2023 and maize will account for the greatest share (34%) of the total crop area harvested [3].Corn stalks consist of a pithy core with an outer layer of long fibers. Currently, corn stalks are chopped and used for forage, left on the field, or baled for animal bedding [4]. Maize husk and stalk were assessed for their fiber characteristics and suitability for pulp and paper production. Fifteen (15) fibers were randomly selected and measured from each representative sample. It was observed that fiber length of maize husk was 1.37mm and that of maize stalk was 1.52mm. The fiber diameter (D) was 30.19 µm for each samples. The values of cell wall thickness and lumen width (d) for each sample were 8.82 µm and 13.67 µm respectively. Corn Stover typically consists of about 50 % sta...
The objective of this work is to develop porous maize stalk cellulose fiber-reinforced geopolymer composites for heat insulation on the bottom side of an electric stove using the solid impregnation method. Heat loss measurement is conducted using an infrared thermometer. Moreover, the temperature effect on the composites is investigated. The maize stalk cellulose fibers are very essential to anticipate the cracking phenomenon generated by high temperatures. The degradation of the fibers causes the formation of small cavities in the matrix, and thus leads to high temperatures. The experimental result shows that it takes 22 minutes to boil water using the proposed electric stove, whereas it takes 29 minutes using the existing local electric stove. By using the proposed electric stove to boil water, 113,793,148.104 KWh of energy per year at the national level can be saved.
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