BackgroundBacterial vaginosis is one of the most common genital tract infections among reproductive age group. The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis varies from country to country even in the same country it varies among populations of interest. Different social and sexual factors can contribute to the development of bacterial vaginosis. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and to identify the possible risk factors associated among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Tikur Anbessa University Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.MethodsRandomly selected 57 symptomatic and 195 asymptomatic pregnant women aged between 18 and 40 years visiting obstetric and gynecological clinic from November 2011 to April 2012 screenedusing Gram stain Nugent scoring system. Statistical analysis like univariate analysis to calculate frequencies and proportions, bivariate analysis to see association of selected exposure variables with the outcome variable, and multivariate analysis to check the association of possible factors with bacterial vaginosis by adjusting potential confounding factors was calculated using SPSS (Version 16.0).ResultsThe prevalence of bacterial vaginosis is 19.4% using Gram stain Nugent scoring system. In addition, prevalence of bacterial vaginosis is 31.6% and 15.9% among symptomatic and asymptomatic pregnant women respectively. A high percentage of bacterial vaginosis positive pregnant women were asymptomatic (63.3%). 36.7% bacterial vaginosis positive pregnant women reported abnormal vaginal discharge with or without unpleasant smell. Multiple lifetime sexual partner (OR: 8.6; 95% CI: 2.5, 29) and previous history of spontaneous abortion (OR: 5.9; 95% CI: 1.5, 23) had remained significantly associated with prevalence of bacterial vaginosis.ConclusionThe prevalence of bacterial vaginosis is higher among asymptomatic pregnant women and associated with the factors previous history of multiple lifetime sexual partner and spontaneous abortion.
Back Ground: Family planning is a key for slowing unsustainable population growth and the resulting negative impacts on the economy, environment, and national and regional development efforts. Men are also recognized to be responsible for the large proportion of ill reproductive health Suffered by their female partners. In addition; male involvement helps not only in accepting a contraceptive but also in its effective use and continuation. But men involvement in family planning at the study setting is rarely known. Objectives: To assess male involvement in Family planning utilization at Edaga-Hamuse town, Tigray, North Ethiopia. Methods: A Community based analytical cross-sectional study design was conducted, from August 27, 2014 up to September, 15, 2014. Population of married couples in selected households available during the study period was included in the study. The data was collected using pre-tested self-administered questionnaires. The findings of the study was summarized and presented using tables, descriptive measures and statistical diagrams. The data editing and clearance was done on the same software. Finally, the data was taken to SPSS version 16.0 for the final analysis. And P-value was used. Result: More than 99% of the subjects have heard about modern family planning methods/current contraceptive use. The most commonly mentioned 114(38.8%) of modern family planning methods was pills and followed by 91(30.9%) was inject able. The rate of current contraceptive use is significantly higher for those women with between 3-4 births or having between 1-3 live children (34.3%; n=101) and (25.5%; n=75) respectively. Of the participants 78(26.5%) were used Pills by need of 3-4 children ever born. The result shows that the more than half of the subjects (60.7%; n=176) did get married between 21-28 years old. The result shows that the more than half of the subjects (59%; n=170) had experienced in pregnancy terminated with Abortion (By asking Husband's experience of their wife). Conclusion and recommendation: of the subjects had never been involved themselves in FP with their wife and this may be attributed to negative perceptions recorded among them. More research with larger groups is needed to generalize this result. The majority of the subjects had never been involved themselves in FP with their wife and this may be attributed to negative perceptions recorded among them.
Background Coronavirus disease 19 was observed as a pandemic and caused many community health problems that resulted in Global issues. It causes death for many individuals including health professionals. This study aimed to determine the occupational health safety of health professionals and associated factors during COVID-19 pandemic at North Showa. Methods Institutions-based Cross-sectional study was conducted using a simple random sampling technique from May 10 to June 15, 2020. Interviewer-administered questioners were used, and data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS 23 for analysis. Bi-variable logistic regression was carried out to select candidate variables with a cutoff point < 0.2. Finally, multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify significant variables. An adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI at a 5% level of significance was used to measure the strength of association. P-value <0.05 indicated a significant association between variables. Results A total of 280 health professionals participated with a 92.72% response rate. Of which 57.9% (n=162) were males while 42.1% (n=118) females. Of total 48.9% (n=137) (95% CI: 43.2, 55.0) health professionals had poor occupational health and safety. Availability of soap and bleach (AOR=2.50; 1.439, 4.356), Possibility of isolate COVID-19 suspected clients (AOR=2.525; 1.690, 5.062), Availability of infections prevention and control program standards and policy (AOR=2.329; 1.325, 4.092), Availability of policy and procedure to prevent COVID-19 (AOR= 2.427; 1.389, 4.240) were significantly associated. Conclusion The result suggested that occupational health safety was generally low in the study area. Therefore, a preventive measure such as the use of personal protective equipment and adherence to hand hygiene practice and Infection prevention policy could reduce the spread of COVID-19 and further study should be conducted to generate more evidence on determinants of occupational health safety.
Background: Premarital sex is any sexual activities with an opposite sex partners or a same sex before he/she has started a marriage life. The term is usually used to refer the inter course before the legal age of marriage. In the course of experimentation, adolescents often in counter high risk situation, as contracting STD /HIV/AIDS and often exposed to un intended pregnancy and illicit abortions. Objective: This study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude and practice towards premarital sex and HIV/AIDS among students who are attending in MizanTepi University. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from April 08-September, 08, 2014-in MTU, Mizan campus regular students. Stratified sampling technique were used after making strata based on Collage and sex proportion. This study using systemic random sampling. Data were collected by three Public Health interns, using self-administrated questionnaires. Students from each Collage were being explained about the objective and confidentiality of the study while distributing and collecting the questionnaires. Results: A total of 372 participants, 254(68%) were males and 118(32%) were females. All of the students know what cause HIV/AIDS; majority of them knew major transmission routes. Sexual transmission mentioned as a major routes transmission in our study by 281(75.5%) of students but knowledge was translated into practice as 133(35.6%) approved premarital sex and practiced it. Conclusion and Recommendation: The study participants have good knowledge of HIV/AIDS related to its cause, routes of transmission and also about preventive mechanism by this knowledge was not practiced. The study participants were citing religion as reason for not having premarital sex and this should include in their day to day teachings. The HIV/AIDS agenda should an agenda for everyone and families should discuss with the adolescents and adults.
Back ground: Abortion is an important cause of bleeding during pregnancy. It is one of the five leading causes of maternal death in the developing world. Moreover, in developing country, abortion is the major cause of maternal mortality, which in Ethiopia safe abortion accounts 60% considering the huge number of maternal deaths due to abortion. Objective:-The main objective of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude and practice towards to abortion care among reproductive age group women at Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Debre Markos, Ethiopia. Method: Across sectional descriptive study design was used. The study was conducted on 384 women in Debre Markos referral Hospital. We were used systematic random sampling technique to select the number of study participant. The data was analyzed manually; Using tables, graphics and the result finding were presented by chart. A total time of April 1-30/08/2006. Result:-A total of 384 make the response rate of 91%., The majority of 292(76%) participants had knowledge about legal abortion service and 92 (23%) had no knowledge and who think about abortion, 97(25%) were said that it is good and 73(19%) were said that it is harm full practice and 9 (2%) were they don't knew. Among the sampled population those who practice when unwanted pregnancy were happen 178 (46%) were said that we would continue the pregnancy, 131(34%) were said that we would abort the pregnancy and 75 (19%) were they do not knew. Conclusion: -Even if this study show that women of reproductive age groups have good knowledge, attitude and poor practice.
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