From the Civil Rights Movement to Black Lives Matter, Korean Americans have engaged in collective action in support of Black communities. At the same time, Korean-Black relations are built on a history of tension and conflict including the 1992 Los Angeles Uprising. Drawing on this background of solidarity and tension, we advanced two models to examine how coalitional identity and empathy may relate to Korean American support for Black collective action. In the coalitional identity and collective action model, coalitional identity is indirectly related to coalitional collective action through ethnocultural empathy. In the empathy-based coalitional identity and collective action model (ECICAM), ethnocultural empathy is indirectly related to coalitional collective action through coalitional identity. Further, we hypothesized that a coalitional identity-operationalized as a person of color (POC) identity-will explain Korean American willingness to participate in collective action in support of the Black community, while a noncoalitional ethnic-racial identity will not relate to coalitional collective action. We tested this question using a crosssectional sample of Korean American college students (n = 117). Path analysis indicated support for the ECICAM. Analysis of the path coefficients highlighted the importance of POC identity as a coalitional identity over Korean ethnic-racial identity. These findings present initial evidence for the importance of coalitional identities in supporting collective action among minoritized communities.What is the public significance of this article? Korean American support for Black collective action is conditional on identifying as a person of color. Social identities based on coalitions with other racial groups support coalitional collective action among minoritized communities.

Asian Americans have historically been subjected to foreigner objectification, a form of racial discrimination rooted in the "perpetual foreigner" stereotype. Foreigner objectification is related to multiple indicators of negative psychological adjustment and may be particularly salient for U.S.-born Asian Americans. This study examined whether cultural asset profiles (composed of ethnic-racial identity, American identity, and ethnic socialization) moderate the relationship between foreigner objectification and psychological adjustment among U.S.-born Asian American college students (N ϭ 468). Using person-centered cluster analytic methods, four cultural asset profiles were derived (Multiple High Assets, Multiple Low Assets, High American Assets, Moderate Ethnic-Racial Assets). Foreigner objectification was significantly associated with lower subjective well-being, and this association was not moderated by cultural asset profiles. Foreigner objectification was also significantly related to higher psychological distress, but this relationship was moderated by cultural asset profiles. The results suggest that moderate levels of ethnic-racial assets may be more protective in the context of the foreigner objectificationdistress association. What is the public significance of this article?This study tested whether different cultural asset profiles of ethnic-racial identity, American identity, and ethnic socialization protect U.S.-born Asian Americans from being treated as a perpetual foreigner. Treatment as a foreigner was related to negative psychological adjustment for all, but this relation was stronger for individuals with patterns of either higher or lower overall levels of cultural assets, compared with those with moderate levels.

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Growing up in a White family does not necessarily protect internationally adopted Korean Americans raised in White families from the pernicious effects of discrimination. Emotion regulation strategies may buffer the effects of discrimination on psychological adjustment, yet little research has been conducted on these links. To fill this gap, we examined the relationship between emotion regulation, discrimination and psychological adjustment in a sample of adopted Korean American adolescents (N ϭ 115). Using both parent and adopted child reports across 2 waves of data (7 years apart), we addressed 2 questions.First, what are the different emotion regulation profiles and how do they correspond to psychological adjustment? Second, controlling for adjustment in childhood, do these emotion regulation profiles moderate the association between discrimination and psychological adjustment? We found 3 distinct profiles using cluster analysis: high reappraisal/low suppression (HR/LS), high reappraisal/moderate suppression (HR/MS), and moderate reappraisal/moderate suppression (MR/MS). The HR/LS profile showed the best adjustment, whereas the MR/MS profile reported the most adjustment problems. However, emotion regulation profiles did not moderate the association between perceived discrimination and psychological adjustment. What is the public significance of this article?The current study seeks to advance research in transracial adoptees' unique postadoption racial experience. We uncovered 3 distinct combinations of emotion regulation strategies that transracial Korean American adoptees use to cope with situational cues-including discrimination. Each of these emotion regulation profiles was associated with differential patterns of adjustment.

Adopted persons increasingly have turned to genetic testing to obtain health information or to search for birth family. The present study investigated psychological factors that may contribute to interest among adoptees and their parents in genetic testing for the adoptee, including adoptees' ethnic identity development, their thoughts or curiosity about birth family (birth family thoughts), and the interaction of these two factors. Data were drawn from the second wave of a longitudinal study, conducted in 2014, on transracially, transnationally adopted Korean American adolescents and their adoptive parents. In a sample of 106 adolescent–parent dyads, 2 adolescents (1.89%) had undergone genetic testing. Among the dyads in which adolescents had not sought genetic testing, 47.12% of adolescents and 43.27% of parents indicated interest in genetic testing for the adolescent adoptee. Adolescents' interest in genetic testing was independent from parents' interest. Neither adolescent psychological adjustment nor physical health was related to interest in genetic testing in either adolescents or parents. Adolescents' birth family thoughts were related to adolescents' interest in genetic testing, but not to parents' interest in genetic testing for their child. This study showed ethnic identity exploration and resolution moderated the relationship between birth family thoughts and adolescents' interest in genetic testing. Results point to the relevance of birth family thoughts and identity development to genetic testing in transnational and transracial adolescent adoptees.