This study investigates the relationships between various types of poverty in Poland. Monetary poverty is examined together with subjective poverty and with a concept of deprivation-based poverty conceived as lacking particular dwelling resources. The results reveal quite important discrepancies between these three types of poverty. Though income and expenditure poverty incidence generally decreased during the period investigated, the share of persons living in subjective poverty was higher in 2003 than in 1997, while deprivation substantially decreased. Moreover, quite large discrepancies at the individual level could be observed. Some conflicting results were also found between the correlates of poverty of the three types.
This study examines the robustness of poverty measures for Poland in the 1990s to employed methods. At least two definitions or techniques of estimation are applied to each of the following components of poverty measures: (1) household well-being; (2) poverty line; (3) equivalence scales; and (4) poverty index. Furthermore, groups at risk of poverty are selected by means of decomposition of the poverty incidence and by estimation of the probit model. Relatively robust conclusions can be reached for trends in absolute poverty incidence, which show an inverted U-shape with rapidly increasing poverty rates in 1993-1995 and declining rates since, but with continued increases in relative poverty. Some robust correlates of high poverty (low education, unemployment, rural residence, large number of children) are also found. Copyright � 2006 The Author; Journal compilation � International Association for Research in Income and Wealth 2006.
This paper presents results of an examination of poverty in Poland in the 1980s. The individual welfare measure is expenditure on consumption per equivalent adult. Household equivalence scales are estimated using a quasi‐exact scales trans logarithmic model. Four poverty indices are calculated. These are intended to capture the following aspects of poverty: (1) incidence, (2) relative deprivation, acid (3) social ability to eliminate poverty by income transfers. The study revealed significant changes in poverty during the investigated period, from 9 to 30 percent with persistent poverty resulting for pensioners, farmers and low educated persons.
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