Atlanto-axial instability (AAI) is a developmental anomaly often occurring in persons with Down's syndrome (DS). According to various reports, AAI affects from 6.8 to 27% of the population with DS. The aim of this review was to illustrate the issue of AAI with regard to the progressively changing state of scientific knowledge. The extended distance between the rear surface of the frontal arcus of the C1 cervical vertebra and the anterior surface of C2 cervical vertebra dens (anterior atlanto-odontoid distance, AAOD) indicates the occurrence of AAI and is detectable through Xray examination. Hypoplasia of the C2 dens, also detectable through X-ray examination, is another suggested risk factor for AAI. According to current data, the methodology of taking measurements is inconsistent, which leads to errors in interpretation. As research focusing on AAI was progressing, new data emerged from other studies on persons with DS, suggesting that neurological symptoms in persons with DS that indicated the occurrence of spinal cord compression were an important factor in medical imaging detection of AAI. One of the main arguments supporting this thesis is that in isolated cases
Background: The variation in functional independence of people with cerebral palsy (CP) allows us to state that there are various factors influencing the development of this independence. Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze scientific articles focused on the search for factors influencing the functional independence of people with CP in the context of planning the rehabilitation procedures. Methods: The Medline, PubMed, EBSCO, and ScienceDirect electronic databases were searched for articles on factors influencing the functional independence of people with CP. Inclusion criteria used in searching were: articles in English and articles on people with CP. Exclusion criteria were: no access to full, free version of the article and articles published before 1990. Results: Three groups of factors influence the development of functional independence: internal, external, and task-based factors. External and task-based factors will be of greatest interest to specialists dealing with the rehabilitation of people with CP, as these are the factors which can most readily be changed, and thus offer the best opportunity to increase the independence of people with CP. Conclusions: Factors, which affect the functional independence of people with CP, are important in planning rehabilitation since they enable professionals in motor rehabilitation to be focused on factors that are amenable to change. Those factors allow professionals in the field of physical rehabilitation to be driven by goals, which are directly related to improving the functional independence of people with CP.
In contrast to a normal gait, the locomotion of people with infantile cerebral palsy (ICP) is characterized by great variability. An experiment was conducted to determine if the use of whole-body vibrations changes the time of support by each of the extremities as well as the range of flexion of the hip and knee articulations. Three women with ICP were involved in the whole-body vibration experiment. The parameters of the vibration adopted during training were a frequency of 20 Hz and an amplitude of 2 mm. The BTS Smart system for three-plane movement analysis paired with a desktop computer was used for the evaluation of gait parameters. The vibration procedure improved the range of flexion in knee articulation but did not change the range of flexion in hip articulation. The equalization of time disparities in the load of both extremities was obtained after the first treatment procedure. In this investigated group, the vibration procedure may be a complement to the rehabilitation process.
1. Differences in the distance between the transverse abdominal muscle and the linea alba on left and right side of the body were discovered in the study group. 2. No correlations were found between the presence of an asymmetry and lumbar pain in the study group.
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