Objective: The purpose of the current study was to determine whether an augmented reality instruction method would result in faster task completion times, lower mental workload, and fewer errors for simple tasks in an operational setting. Background: Prior research on procedural work that directly compared augmented reality instructions to traditional instruction methods (e.g., paper) showed that augmented reality instructions can enhance procedural work, but this was not true for simple tasks in an operational setting. Method: Participants completed simple procedural tasks on spaceflight hardware using an augmented reality instruction method and a paper instruction method. Results: Our results showed that the augmented reality instruction method resulted in faster task completion times and lower levels of mental and temporal demand compared with paper instructions. When participants used the augmented reality instruction method before the paper instruction method, there was a transfer of training that improved a subsequent procedure using the paper instruction method. Conclusion: An off-the-shelf augmented reality head-mounted display (HoloLens) can enhance procedural work for simple tasks in an operational setting. Application: The ability of augmented reality to enhance procedural work for simple tasks in an operational setting can help in reducing costs and mitigating risks that could ultimately lead to accidents and critical failures.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether training with stroboscopic viewing could improve time-to-collision (TTC) judgments, which have importance in real-world tasks such as driving. Background: Prior research demonstrated that training with stroboscopic vision can improve motion coherence thresholds, improve anticipatory timing performance for laterally moving objects, and can protect against performance degradation over time. Method: Participants viewed computer simulations of an object that moved and then disappeared. In two separate experiments, the object approached the observer or moved laterally toward a target, representing different optical flow patterns. Participants judged TTC by pressing a button when they thought the object would hit them (approach), or the target (lateral). Performance was measured during four sessions—pretest, intervention, immediately after intervention, and 10 min after intervention. Results: Both stroboscopic training and repeated practice improved performance over time for approach motion (decrease in constant error) and stroboscopic training protected against performance degradation for lateral motion (no decrement in variable error), but only when TTC was 3.0 s. There was no difference between training and repeated practice. Conclusion: Under certain conditions, stroboscopic training may improve TTC judgments. However, effects of stroboscopic training depend on the nature of the optical flow pattern. Application: It is important to determine the conditions under which training can improve TTC judgments which have importance in real-world tasks such as driving. If individuals can be trained to judge TTC more accurately, they may benefit from driver training programs.

Research on precarious manhood suggests that, in response to perceived threats to their masculinity, men may act to reassert their masculinity through potentially harmful behaviors. In the present study, we sought to apply the precarious manhood paradigm to a public health and safety area relevant to men: driving behaviors. In Study 1, we used a false feedback manipulation to induce threatened masculinity. Men in the threat condition reported greater anger in response to hypothetical driving scenarios compared to men in the no-threat condition. Risk-taking, violence, and winning subscales of the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory–46 did not moderate the effect of condition. In Study 2, we used the same manipulation to induce threatened masculinity and assessed the driving behaviors of men performing an overtaking task in a driving simulator. There was no effect of the manipulation for men in Study 2. Implications of the present study for men’s health and safety research, as well as the precarious manhood paradigm, are presented. It may be useful for research to continue to explore the effects of threats to masculinity using more complex tasks.

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