We express our emotions in a remarkable range of ways. These expressions include, at one extreme, involuntary changes of heart rate and skin temperature, and at the other extreme highly calculated and reasoned actions, such as the deliberate torture of a captive by hateful keepers. Between these extremes lie complex, coordinated behavioral expressions of emotion which are actions rather than mere bodily movements, because they are done under voluntary control and in full awareness, but which are unlike prototypical rational actions in that they resist satisfactory explanation in terms of the means-ends beliefs and desires of an agent. Such expressions include caressing the object of one's affection, and performing a little dance out of joy. Given this diversity, it is hard to see what unites the class of expressions of emotion. Nonetheless, expressions of emotion do form commonsense kinds, and this leads one to expect that there are some features which unite these kinds.We would like to take up two questions of prime interest for understanding how we express our emotions.
Observations concerning the atmospherical precipitation of fission products were r during 1958--1960. The cessation of nuclear test explosions since Nov. 1958 made it possible to approximately measure the clean up rate of fission products in the atmosphere. A mean residenee time of 0,45 years anda clean up half period of 0,3 years were observed. Owing to this, a reduetion of fission product contamination of the atmosphere to one hundredth of its original value can be expected within two years.The clean up therefore is much quicker, and the rate of mixing between stratosphere and troposphere seems to be more intense than anticipated. The fission product contamination decreases to 10% of its original value within one year. In this reduction the effect of the mixing between the air masses of the stratosphere and troposphere and the radioaetive decay are included. The mixing rate of the air masses of the stratosphere (or at least that of the Iower layers of it) is about 75% per year.The atmospherie precipitation has been observed without interruption and by the same methods at this Institute since 1952 [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]. The measurements we ate dealing with in this paper were made betwecn 1958 and 1960 and indicate a very rapid decrease of contamination since the cessation of nuclear test explosions in November 1958.The atmospheric preeipitation has been eollected eaeh morning, whenever there was any preeipitation in an ombrometer with a PVC funnel 40 cm in diameter. We suppose --in agreement with other authors [6] --that by sueh a sampling method practically the total fallout can be gathered. Most of the fallout is brought down by rain and snow. Dust fallout deposited on the funnel is mostly washed into the bottle by the next rain. The total water sample eontaining the dust and soot particles is removed from the bottle and eoneentrated by evaporation in a porcelain dish, then earried into a sample measuring glass cup of 25 mm inner diameter and 8 mm high. (For detailed description of methodics see ReŸ [4].)The sample is measured about 48 hours after collection by an endwindow GM counter 25 mm in diameter with ah aluminium window thickness ~)f 0,1 mm.The quantity of water and the measured activity is then reduced so as to refer to the dimensions of a normal meteorological ombrometer, i. e. to a surface of 1/50 m 2. In the earliest measurements (in 1952) a normal meteorological ombrometer was used, but later experience warranted a .,4eta Phys. Hung. Tom. XIII. Fase. 3,
Whole-rock Rb–Sr and U–Pb zircon age measurements on intrusive rocks in southwestern Maine indicate igneous activity at 400, 340, and 320 Ma. These plutonic rocks were emplaced into deformed Ordovician to Devonian(?) (and perhaps Hadrynian) rocks of the Shapleigh and Merrimack Groups. Folding of the Shapleigh and Merrimack Group rocks is interpreted to have occurred during the Acadian event, or before. The [Formula: see text] age of the Webhannet pluton in southwestern Maine sets a minimum time for Acadian deformation in this region.The 320 Ma age of the Lyman two-mica granite pluton of this study coupled with the reported ages of the Milford two-mica granite (275 Ma) and Lake Sunapee two-mica granite (323 Ma) of New Hampshire suggests a spectrum of Hercynian igneous activity in northern New England similar to that of the well established Hercynian intrusive events in the southern Appalachians and western Europe.
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