The Bunz polymers consist of n-membered rings of carbon atoms connected via n monoor diethynyl units (m ) 1, 2 respectively) to other such rings. Coordinated to the three-, four-, and five-membered rings are ML n units (L ) CO, Cp) which lead to 18-electron rule stability at each metal-organic center. The electronic band structures of the metal-free (often metallic) and metal-complexed (always insulating) materials are derived, and it is shown how the insulating polymer-M(CO) 3 systems may be converted to systems with small bandgaps by the loss of a CO group. Depending on the width of the conduction band, either small bandgap semiconductors, ferromagnetic metals or antiferromagnetic insulators are predicted. The properties of C 6 ML x polymers are also investigated (ML x ) NO, CO, C 3 H 3 + ). These consist of an ML x unit attached to a graphite sheet. Bending the MNO group converts the linear three-electron donor "NO + " unit into an "NO -" moiety and generation of a metal. By construction of polymers with specific arrangements of M(CO) 3 and MCp groups, interesting patterns of metallic and insulating units may be envisaged at the atomic level.
In 1911 the Imperial Chinese government issued bearer bonds in the sum of six million pounds in order to finance the construction of a section of the Hukuang Railway running between Guangzhou and Beijing.' In the United States at that time, absolute foreign sovereign immunity prevailed, and as a result, neither the Imperial Chinese government nor the holders of the notes could have been under the apprehension that the bonds were enforceable in United States courts. Nevertheless, in 1979 a class action was filed in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Alabama on behalf of holders of the notes against the People's Republic of China The plaintiffs believed that U.S. courts could obtain jurisdiction over these claims against the People's Republic of China through the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act of 1976 ("FSIA"). 4 The FSIA, codifying a United States policy in place since 1952,' made the "restrictive" theory of sovereign immunity the express law of the United States. Under the FSIA, the presumption in favor of sovereign immunity can be overcome in limited circumstances, which usually involve commer
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