A new direction for influenza virus sialidase inhibitor development was identified using a sulfonate congener of 2-deoxy-2-β-H N-acetylneuraminic acid. Sialosyl sulfonates can be synthesised efficiently in four steps from N-acetylneuraminic acid via a microwave assisted decarboxylation. The presence of the sulfonate group significantly increases inhibition of influenza virus sialidase and viral infection when compared to the carboxylate congener, and also to the benchmark sialidase inhibitor 2,3-dehydro-2-deoxy-N-acetylneuraminic acid, Neu5Ac2en.
Influenza virus infection continues to cause significant, often severe, respiratory illness worldwide. A validated target for the development of anti-influenza agents is the virus surface protein sialidase. In the current study, we have discovered a highly potent inhibitor of influenza virus sialidase, based on a novel sialosyl sulfonate template. The synthesised 3-guanidino sialosyl α-sulfonate, a sulfonozanamivir analogue, inhibits viral replication in vitro at the nanomolar level, comparable to that of the anti-influenza drug zanamivir. Using protein X-ray crystallography we show that the sialosyl α-sulfonate template binds within the sialidase active site in a C chair conformation. The C1-sulfonate moiety forms crucial and strong-binding interactions with the active site's triarginyl cluster, while the 3-guanidino moiety interacts significantly with conserved active site residues. This sulfonozanamivir analogue provides a new direction in anti-influenza virus drug development.
Ethyl acetoacetate-sugar derivatives were prepared by standard alkylation of primary or secondary hydroxyls of diacetonide-protected sugars with ethyl 4-chloroacetoacetate. The obtained d-fructose, d-galactose, d-glucose and d-allose derivatives were conjugated to C60 using the Bingel reaction to afford hydrolytically stable, ether-linked fullerene-carbohydrates. Conjugation of an ester-protected mannose derivative to the C60 scaffold was carried out by the combination of the acetoacetate chemistry with the azide-alkyne click reaction.
Bonds. -The photoinduced radical-mediated hydrothiolation reactions show highly varying overall conversions depending not only on the substitution pattern and electron-density of the double bond but also on the nature and the substitution pattern of the thiol partner. -(LAZAR, L.; CSAVAS, M.; HADHAZI, A.; HERCZEG, M.; TOTH, M.; SOMSAK, L.; BARNA, T.; HERCZEGH, P.; BORBAS*, A.; Org. Biomol. Chem. 11 (2013) 32, 5339-5350, http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ob40547h ; Res. Group Carbohydr., Univ. Debrecen, H-4010 Debrecen, Hung.; Eng.) -S. Karsten 50-212
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