Simulative methods are nowadays frequently used in metrology for the simulation of measurement uncertainty and the prediction of errors that may occur during measurements. In coordinate metrology, such methods are primarily used with the typical three-axis Coordinate Measuring Machines (CMMs), and lately, also with mobile measuring systems. However, no similar simulative models have been developed for five-axis systems in spite of their growing popularity in recent years. This paper presents the numerical model of probe head errors for probe heads that are used in five-axis coordinate systems. The model is based on measurements of material standards (standard ring) and the use of the Monte Carlo method combined with select interpolation methods. The developed model may be used in conjunction with one of the known models of CMM kinematic errors to form a virtual model of a five-axis coordinate system. In addition, the developed methodology allows for the correction of identified probe head errors, thus improving measurement accuracy. Subsequent verification tests prove the correct functioning of the presented model.
Coordinate Measuring Arms are redundant measuring devices that are widely used today. Therefore, this paper presents a solution of the problem of online estimation of accuracy of measurements done on coordinate measuring arms. This paper shows the metrological model called Virtual Coordinate Measuring Arm. It is composed of a kinematic model of arm, created using the Denavit-Hartenberg convention connected with PC-DMIS measuring software and usage of Monte Carlo method. Verification tests done according to VDI/VDE 2617-7 guideline show that the created model is working properly. Also the comparison of results of measurements done on real Coordinate Measuring Arm and simulated by the created model proves correctness of the model. The metrological model of Virtual Coordinate Measuring Arm can be a breakthrough in the use of the coordinate measuring arms in quality assurance systems in production.
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