Body temperature is closely regulated by the hypothalamic preoptic area using a variety of mechanisms to control heat generation and heat loss. Abnormalities of temperature can be harmful, particularly in brain injured patients. It is therefore important to know how and where to measure temperature and the pitfalls of doing so. Patients' carers can also affect and control body temperature, although it is important to remember that there are potential side effects in shifting body temperature. In this article, the physiology of temperature homeostasis, measurement and therapeutic hypothermia is outlined, as well as fever control.
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