Mutations in
isocitrate dehydrogenases
1 and 2 (IDH
mut
) are present in a variety of cancers, including glioma, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), melanoma, and cholangiocarcinoma. These mutations promote hypermethylation, yet it is only a favorable prognostic marker in glioma, for reasons that are unclear. We hypothesized that the patterns of DNA methylation, and transcriptome profiles, would vary among IDH
mut
cancers, especially gliomas. Using Illumina 450K and RNA-Seq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas, we show that of 365,092 analyzed CpG sites, 70,591 (19%) were hypermethylated in IDH
mut
gliomas compared to wild-type (IDH
wt
) gliomas, and only 3%, 2%, and 4% of CpG sites were hypermethylated in IDH
mut
AML, melanoma, and cholangiocarcinoma, relative to each of their IDH
wt
counterparts. Transcriptome differences showed pro-malignant genes that appear to be unique to IDH
mut
gliomas. However, genes involved in differentiation and immune response were suppressed in all IDH
mut
cancers. Additionally, IDH
mut
caused a greater degree of hypermethylation in undifferentiated neural progenitor cells than in mature astrocytes. These data suggest that the extent and targets of IDH
mut
-induced genomic hypermethylation vary greatly according to the cellular context and may help explain why IDH
mut
is only a favorable prognostic marker in gliomas.
Objectives: This paper presents a statistical review of modelling simulations for frequency and sensitivity of COVID-19 testing paradigms. Methods: We performed a review of preprints and published articles on PubMed from January 1, 2020 – March 1, 2021 using the search terms “COVID screening testing”, “COVID testing frequency”, “COVID testing frequency screening” and “SARS-CoV-2 testing frequency”.Results: Several authors’ conclusions support the claim that test frequency and test sensitivity both play a role in reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission. We highlight the interplay between frequency of testing, test sensitivity and the speed at which test results are available in our review. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that sensitivity and frequency of testing both play a part in decreasing transmission of disease. We conclude that, overall, test sensitivity plays less of a role in reducing disease transmission in a population compared to the frequency of testing and how quickly test results are available.
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