Developing more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly transportation technologies, that can enable to use significantly less petroleum and to reduce regulated emissions while meeting or exceeding drivers' performance expectations, has always been one of the main challenges in automotive technology. Therefore, based on an experimental dataset, metamodels were generated using design of computer experiments and central composite design technique in order to accurately predict carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NO x ), hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions, mean effective pressure and exergy destruction due to heat transfer and combustion process. Combustion metamodels was evaluated varying air-fuel ratio, ignition timing [( • CAD) Crank Angle Degrees], compression ratio, and combustion duration ( • ) on the performance of a Spark Ignition (SI) engine at constant speed of 750 rpm. Because SI gasoline engines always encounter the decreased thermal efficiency and increased toxic emissions at idle (Jurgen in Automotive electronics handbook, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1995). The Akaike information criterion was applied to automatically select the best metamodel for each case.
ResumenSe propone e implementa de un sistema de oferta flexible de los currículos universitarios, como alternativa y solución al mejoramiento de calidad en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes, visualizando la realidad y los prospectos de ejecución para la renovación universitaria. Se discute la operatividad del ofrecimiento flexible como la alternativa estratégica del concepto just in time al servicio de la enseñanza del conocimiento en la educación superior. El sistema opera bajo la modalidad de créditos, lográndose un modelo organizado más abierto y dinámico que permite al estudiante elegir y planear por periodo su desempeño académico, de acuerdo a sus condiciones de estudio y esfuerzo, y también a su entorno social, laboral y académico. Palabras claves: oferta académica flexible, currículo universitario, crédito académico, justo a tiempo The Flexible Academic Offering under the Concept of the Just In Time AbstractA flexible system for the university curriculum offering is proposed and implemented, as an alternative and a solution to the improvement of quality in the learning process of the students. The operability of the flexible offer as the strategic alternative of the concept just in time to the service of higher education is discussed. The system operates under the credits modality, obtaining a organized model more open and dynamic that allows students to choose and plan each period their academic performance, according to their studying conditions and effort, and also to their social, working, and academic environment
This paper deals with the presentation of an algorithm for acquisition and processing of images, in order to obtain information of topologic aspects in a 3D surface, starting from 2D images, by means of the analysis of the shine of the risings of the surface, when this is illuminated by light sources in oblique direction. In the surface, some areas of shine appear corresponding to the areas of the rising surfaces with slopes in front of the illumination source, and shade areas corresponding to the sinking of the surfaces. When obtaining several images of the same area, by illuminating the opposite sides and by realizing operations with them, it is obtained information on the geometry and situation of the relief elements, like elevations and depths of the surface. on this basis a novel algorithm has been developed for the detection of the situations and characteristics of the threads in structures of plane textures, in the process of detection of textile shortcomings.
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