ABSTRACT:This research is an Appraisal of Physicochemical, major anions and heavy in Surface Water and Groundwater at Pb -Zn Mining areas of Ebonyi state. Heavy metals in borehole samples were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). Physico-chemical parameters determined. Its shows that pH is generally low (3.65) resulting from the dissolution of the sulphide Ore. The heavy metal mean trend indicates that Fe > Zn >Pb> Cr >Cu > Ni > AS > Cd in the water samples. Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cr were observed to be high. The variations for the heavy metals suggest that mining operation is responsible for the distribution and redistribution of chemical elements. The result of the Correlation analysis and principal component analysis ( R-Mode and Q-mode) applied to the data analysis show that Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Cr heavy metals originated from similar sources but may have been influenced by mining operation, while Ni, and As are attributed to a geogenic source. Proper sewage disposal practice and water conventional treatment strategies are recommended.
The aim of this study is to integrate well logs and core data to identify reservoir characteristics and determine the reservoir's petrophysical properties in order to improve the understanding of the reservoir and provide valuable information for reservoir management. Wells X and Y of the ‘SCOJAS’ Field in the Niger Delta Basin of Nigeria were analyzed using Gamma ray logs, Resistivity logs, Sonic, Neutron and Density Logs. The obtained results were compared with core data from the wells to verify their accuracy. Porosity values for Wells X and Y fall within the range typically observed in sedimentary rocks, with Well Y having higher values. Hydrocarbons were detected in all reservoirs except reservoir zone 1b in both Well-X (12 reservoirs) and Well-Y (7 reservoirs). In Well- X, oil was identified in 5 reservoir zones while in Well-Y, oil was present in 2 reservoir zones. The remaining zones in both wells contained gas. To validate the results further, a comparison was made with the porosity of selected fields in the Niger Delta Basin and the general porosity of the Basin. Well X has a porosity range of 2.7% to 20.8%, which is generally lower than the reported porosity range Well Y has a porosity range of 19.90% to 24.38%, which falls at the upper end of the reported porosity range. Comparing previous works and data from other fields provides important validation for the findings of the study, which is crucial in the oil and gas industry for making informed decisions about exploration and production.
This research is an assessment of toxic metals in stream sediments from the Abakaliki Pb-Zn mine area of Ebonyi state. Heavy metals in stream sediment samples were analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS). Physicochemical parameters were determined show that pH is generally low (3.65) resulting from the dissolution of the sulphide Ore. The heavy metal mean trend indicates that Fe > Zn >Pb> Cr >Cu > Ni > AS > Cd in the stream sediment samples. Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cr were observed to be high. The variations for the heavy metals suggest that mining operation is responsible for the distribution and redistribution of chemical elements. The values of contamination factor for the stream sediment indicate moderate contamination for Cd, As and Ni while Fe, Zn, Pb, Cu and Cr show very high contamination. The result of enrichment factor (EF) using Fe concentration as normalizing value show that Ni, Cd, Cr, As, and Cu have depletion to mineral enrichment while Pb and Zn show moderate enrichment. The result of the Correlation analysis and principal component analysis (R-Mode and Q-mode) applied to the data analysis show that Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, and Cr heavy metals originated from similar sources but may have been influenced by mining operation while Ni and As are attributed to a geogenic source. Proper sewage disposal practice and soil remediation are recommended.
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