The aim of this research paper was to ascertain the optimum conditions required to economical synthesis carboxymethylated starch using experimental design technique by Taguchi for Larger-is-better and smaller-is better of reaction efficiency (RE). Orthogonal Array method was utilized in the design of the experiment which consisted of eighteen (18) runs based on three (3) independent Factors which are; Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with three concentration levels (1, 1.5, and 2.0M), Sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA) with three concentration levels (1, 1.5, and 2.0M) and Reaction Time (T) with two (2) levels (2 and 4 hours) respectively and the response is reaction efficiency (R.E). The result obtained from the experiment was interpreted using the Taguchi method of larger-is-better and smaller-is-better was apply to estimate the Response for Signal-to-Noise Ratios. The analysis showed that for larger-is-better, the optimal condition to obtain high reaction efficiency (R.E.) of 9.97%, will require NaOH at 2.0 M, SMCA at 1.0 M, at reaction period of, while for smaller-is-better, the optimal condition to obtain low reaction efficiency (RE) of 1.93 %, will required the concentration of NaOH (aq) and SMCA (aq) to be 1.5 M and 1.5 M with a reaction period (T) of 4 hours respectively. The result was also study the influence of variable SMCA (aq) and NaOH (aq) concentrations on swelling capacity (SC) at reaction time of 2 hours. The result shows that 2M NaOH is the optimum concentration for carboxymethyl starch (CMS) synthesis. .Significant difference was ascertained using Tukey method, and at 95% Confidence level.

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This investigation involves study of independent variable that influences the Young modulus of thermoplastic mango starch (TPS) as dependent response factor. The experiment was design using the Taguchi orthogonal technique with four independent variables; plasticiser type; glycerol (G), and Triethanolamine-(TEA) (T), percentage plasticiser (40 and 120 %), percentage carboxymethyl cellulose-CMC (10 and 50 %), and concentration of HCl (0.05 and 0.15 M). The result of the main effect plots for mean indicated that the gTPS-CMC1 with 268.85a MPa is a better outcome compared to gTPS-CMC3 with 280.31a MPa, since no significance difference was observed due to less composition requirement of CMC for gTPS–CMC1, making it more cost effective to produced with better optimum conditions. The interaction plot of the independent variables showed that for plasticiser types; when glycerol (G) was utilised a higher young modulus is observed than TEA (T) and only interacts with TEA (T) at 0.015 M HCl; 10 % CMC gives a higher response compared to 50 % CMC and showed no interaction even as the other independent variables fluctuates, and similar effect was observed for percentage plasticiser. Study concluded that the predicted mean (young modulus) is substantially consistent with the experimental observation (R2 = 0.6283).