Biomass waste potential from tea pruning was high, however the utilization of the waste still low. Forming pellet from the waste was one of means for utilizing it to have value-added. Pelletization is a process of compressing the material to increase density value, calorific value, and to uniform the particle size. The method in tea pruning waste pelletization used because the waste is consists of dry twigs and leaves so it was easier in reducing the particle size as pellet raw material. This research purpose was to identify the wood pellet characteristics of various particle size from tea pruning waste, consisted of water content, ash content, and wood pellet density against calorific value produce. The material used in this research was tea pruning waste available all years in the experimental plantation of Reserach Institute for Tea and Cinchona Gambung that has been dried for three days. Pelletization process starts with reducing the tea pruning waste particle using Chopper machine to acquire dust particles. Afterward, those dust was separated into three treatments, which are, passed sieve number 7 mesh, 14 mesh, and 18 mesh. Calorific value produced from the wood pellet was the main factor from all pelletization process, the result show that the dust passed sieve number 18, which is the smallest particle size, has the highest calorific y value produced in the amount of 4.431 cal/g
The aim of this research was to obtain the effect of insecticide combination with nitrogen and zinc foliar fertilizers to Empoasca flave-scens. An experiment was conducted at Gam-bung Experimental Garden, Bandung, West Java. The trial was arranged in a randomized complete block design with nine treatments (A)methomyl; (B) methomyl + ZnSO4 1%; (C) me-thomyl + ZnSO4 2%; (D) methomyl + N 1%; (E) methomyl + N 1% + ZnSO4 1%; (F) metho-myl + N 1% + ZnSO4 2%; (G) methomyl + N 2%; (H) methomyl + N 2% + ZnSO4 1%; and (I) methomyl + N 2% + ZnSO4 2%, replicated three times. Each unit consisted of experiments is 40 plants. The treatments comprised: concen-tration of methomyl 0,5 gram/l with sprayed volume 200 l/ha. The level concentrations of nitrogen and zinc were 1% and 2%. The appli-cation of treatments was sprayed six times after plucking with 12 days interval, respectively. The population and intensity of E. flavescens attack were measured at the time of plucking. The effectiveness of treatment on the population as well as attack intensity of Empoasca con-ducted by measuring the rate of decline through a linear regression approach. The results showed that all of the treatments could reduce the population as well as the attack intensity of E. flavescens but there were no significantly different among others and were comparable to the chemical insecticide treatment. The fastest rate of decline were indicated by the treatment methomyl + N 2% + ZnSO4 1% and methomyl + N 2% + ZnSO4 2%.
<strong>Abstrak</strong><br /><br />Peramalan produksi di masa mendatang adalah sangat penting, sehubungan dengan perencanaan pembiayaan, pendapatan, pemasaran dan sebagainya. Tulisan ini mengajukan suatu metode peramalan berdasarkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi seperti luas areal, iklim, jenis klon, tingkat kesuburan tanah, pemangkasan dan kegiatan perluasan/peremajaan dengan beberapa ansumsi tertentu. Penerapan metode ini secara matematik telah dicobakan untuk meramalkan produksi teh. Hasilnya produksi teh Indonesia akan naik 0.96 persen per tahun dalam priode 1981-85. Pada priode yang sama diramalkan produksi teh rakyat, swasta dan PN/PT masing-masing naik 3.18 persen; 2.16 persen dan -0.32 persen.
Contract farming is becoming a viable form of partnership between tea plantation companies and local farmers in the management of tea plantations. This study aimed to: (1) describe a contract farming pattern through the system of intercropping tea-horticulture, (2) analyze the efficiency of the management of tea garden with contract farming, and (3) describe the benefits and sustainability of the contract farming between Gambung Estate and horticultural farmers. The case study was conducted in Gambung Estate using qualitative descriptive analysis and contract farming scheme analysis. The study observed that the contract farming patterns applied was a modified nucleus estate model with a combination of resource provisioning cooperation with production management cooperation. The challenges for future contract farming include land management, new skill transfer, climate change, and shared risk and effort between the two parties so that the bargaining position of horticultural farmers will be increased in the sustainable tea plantation management framework. Value of investment efficiency was 47 percent for new planting and 49 percent for replanting. The highest R/C and B/C values were given to the intercropping system of tea-chili at 2:25 and 1:25, respectively.
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