The preparation of activated carbon as an adsorbent from biomass waste was usually conducted at high temperatures. In this research, activated carbon was prepared from palm kernel shell by the pyrolysis process at temperature under 400 °C to reduce excessive energy consumption. This study aims to identify the surface character of the formed activated carbon as an adsorbent for methylene blue. The pyrolysis process produced activated carbon which has a hydroxyl (3102–3423 cm−1) and carboxyl (1650 cm−1) functional groups, resulting in ionic interactions between activated carbon and methylene blue. The equilibrium data fit the Langmuir isotherm model with correlation efficient higher than 0,99. The highest adsorption capacity is 0.28 mmol/g adsorbent for activated carbon which is hydrolyzed at 350 °C with a surface area of 523 m2/g adsorbents.
Kopi robusta (Coffea canephora) merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan yang berada di Provinsi Lampung. Selain sebagai olahan minuman, biji kopi robusta juga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan tambahan alami dalam sediaan produk kosmetik. Masker gel peel-off merupakan salah satu jenis produk kosmetik yang dapat berfungsi sebagai anti-aging pada wajah. Pada penelitian ini, formulasi masker gel peel-off berhasil dipreparasi dengan memanfaatkan ekstrak biji kopi robusta. Metode formulasi masker gel peel-off dilakukan melalui proses in-situ. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam ekstrak biji kopi robusta yaitu alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan tannin. Analisis spektrofotometer UV-vis menunjukkan kadar senyawa flavonoid sebesar 5,86 mg/g. Hasil uji pH masker gel peel-off menggunakan ekstrak kopi robusta sebesar 5,3. Masker gel peel-off tidak menyebabkan reaksi iritasi pada kulit. Sifat fisik dari masker gel peel-off terlihat berwarna coklat dengan bentuk semisolid. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan masker gel peel-off menunjukkan nilai IC50 sebesar 7,104 ppm. Dari data yang ada dapat disimpulkan bahwa senyawa flavonoid dalam ekstrak biji kopi robusta sangat berpengaruh terhadap aktivitas antioksidan dalam formulasi sediaan masker gel peel-off.
Palm kernel meal (PKM) is a waste product from the palm oil industry. The objectives of this study are to synthesize activated charcoal from palm kernel meal and apply its ability to adsorb organic matter in water. Charcoal was prepared and activated by pyrolysis without the flow of the inert gasses method and characterized by Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR), estimation surface area, and their adsorption of organic compounds such as oxalic acid and methylene blue. The product has polar and basal sites with hydroxy and carboxyl groups on the surface. The highest estimation surface area is 523 m2/g with 350 °C temperature pyrolysis. Adsorption data fit the Freundlich isotherm model for oxalic acid and Langmuir isotherm model for methylene blue that indicates interaction of active site on the surface charcoal with adsorbates. The absorption capacities of activated charcoal were 38.03 mmol/g absorbent and 12.49 mmol/g absorbent against methylene blue and oxalic acid, respectively. Therefore, PKM waste can be used to be a potentially viable activated charcoal for removing organic pollutants from aqueous solutions.
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