Jintan hitam memberikan manfaat yang baik bagi tubuh sebagai peningkat imunitas, namun sayang teknologi pengekstrakan jintan hitam masih belum memenuhi standart Food and Drug Administration (FDA) yang menganjurkan penggunaan pelarut air sewaktu proses ekstraksi agar aman dikonsumsi. Adapun teknologi yang sudah berkembang yaitu metode ekstraksi hidrodistilasi mengunakan pelarut air hanya mampu menghasilkan yield 7,52% (w/w), sehingga memerlukan treatment tambahan agar dihasilkan yield yang lebih maksimal. Metodologi yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah variasi treatment pra-ekstraksi meliputi :
This research, the shallot extraction process is done by Microwave Steam Diffusion method modified with the addition of ultrasonic. This method can produce product (yield) with high quality of essential shallot oil with lower processing energy requirement. The variables used are Microwave Steam Diffusion (MSDf) and Microwave Ultrasonic Steam Diffusion (MUSDf) with extraction time of 40, 50, 60 and 70 minutes. The result of this research, shows that the best method to produce red shallot oil extract is by using MUSDf method which has obtained yield of 0.96 ml/kg, 61.14% organosulfur and 60 minutes optimum time of extraction.
The effect of calcination temperatures and KH2PO4 concentrations on filament properties using the precipitation method was investigated. Moreover, the effect of optimum hydroxyapatite-polycaprolactone ratios was also elucidated. In this study, blue crab shells (Portunus pelagicus) waste was used to synthesis hydroxyapatite. The modification of composite production was done by adding polymer as filler to obtain stronger composites with suitable mechanical properties for a stronger bone implant. The filament production consists of several steps, i.e., raw material pretreatment, synthesis of hydroxyapatite using a precursor of KH2PO4 with precipitation method, and synthesis of hydroxyapatite-polycaprolactone composites, and hydroxyapatite-polycaprolactone filament formation process using an extruder. It was found that the hydroxyapatite has been successfully synthesized from raw material of blue crab (Portunus Pelagicus) shells by calcination temperatures of 950°C and 1000°C. The highest calcium concentration in the raw material calcined from rajungan shells obtained from the XRF analysis was 94.96% at a temperature of 950°C. The FTIR analysis results showed a PO4
3- group indicating hydroxyapatite content in the crab shells.
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