The restoration effort in Tamban Beach may reflect the role services of mangroves as suitable habitats for those surrounding diversity, especially on avifauna. Here we assess the diversity and community of avifaunal throughout types of mangrove ecosystems. We surveyed the avifaunal within four stations (i.e., natural mangrove area, restored mangrove area since 2009 and 2014, and degraded mangrove area) in Tamban Beach, Sumbermanjing Wetan, East Java during March 2021 using Audiovisual Encounter Survey (AES) methods. We present the statistic descriptive analysis of α-diversity index (taxa diversity, dominance index, Simpson's index, Evenness, Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Brillouin index, and Margalef species richness) as diversity assessment also conservation status of each species. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed to investigate the community variation within each site. We found 38 species from 22 families and 11 orders of avifaunal across the sites. The diversity of avifauna was high in a degraded area due to the mixture of habitats, although the natural and restored area yields some specialists. The type of mangroves might not be the sole factor affecting the avifauna diversity correlation, highlighting the importance of conservation strategies in the area.
This study aims to evaluate the quality of riparian habitats based on the index of riparian quality (QBR), quality of riparian tree vegetation (community structure and Naturalness index), and anthropogenic activity (Hemeroby Index) and their relationship to water quality in some waterfall and spring ecosystems on Bawean Island. This Ex Post Facto study was conducted on six waterfall ecosystems (Candi, Putri, Suwari, Talomon, Laccar and Kuduk Kuduk) and two spring water ecosystems (Kuduk Kuduk and Laccar). Analysis of riparian tree vegetation at each location was observed from three plots with size 50 x 50 m2. The physics chemical quality of water observed at each location included pH, dissolved oxygen/DO, total suspended solid/TSS, total Kjeldahl nitrogen/TKN, and biochemical oxygen demand/BOD. The results showed that the quality of the riparian habitat affected the water quality.
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