Introduction: Cosmetics are defined by the Saudi Food and Drug Authority as any material or preparation designed to come into contact with various external body parts (epidermis, hair system, nails, lips, and external genital organs) or with the oral cavity's teeth and mucous membranes for a variety of purposes, such as cleansing, perfuming, altering their appearance and/or keeping them in a good condition. Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence, level of awareness, and practices regarding cosmetics harmful hazards among Saudi female University Students of Albaha; Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This was a descriptive study intended to assess the prevalence, awareness and practice of Saudi female students of Albaha University. Systematic sampling methods were used to pick from each college, the predetermined sample size was taken, accordingly systematic random sampling was used to recruit 410 female students from medical and none medical colleges. Medical students at the latter level of their study were excluded from the study. Information was gathered using a self-administered questionnaire which was constructed to explore respondents’ awareness and practice toward using cosmetics. Results: A total of 410 respondents were enrolled in the study with a respondent rate of 93.2%, most of the respondents (62.4%) were none medical, and (37.6%) medical students. The prevalence of cosmetics use among our respondents is (97.8%), (82%) of them are between the age of 18 and 20 years and (76.3%) were unmarried. Most of the respondents (77.8%) used cosmetics daily while (20%) used to apply them sometimes or on need. Facial cosmetics, lipstick, and eye make-up as a group is the most commonly used cosmetics (64.9%) followed by skin lightening products (14.4%). 69% have an average level of knowledge concerning cosmetics adverse effects; (23%) have knowledge level and only (8%) having a good level of knowledge. A very significant proportion (37%) had experienced at least one side effect. Irritant contact dermatitis is the most commonly seen adverse effect affecting (38.8%) of the study population; followed by acne (27%) and allergic contact dermatitis (18.4%). Perfumes, deodorants, body lotions and creams by far the most common cosmetics products causing adverse effects (52.4%); followed by Facial cosmetics, lipstick and eye make-up in 143 (34.9%). Conclusion: A high prevalence rate of cosmetic use among Albaha university female students. Unfortunately, only 8% of them have good knowledge about the harmful effects of cosmetics. A very significant proportion was experienced at least one cosmetics-related side effect. This study concludes that cosmetics health-related hazard awareness among our respondents was not satisfactory and therefore needs a special consideration on cosmetic use-related safety concerns through awareness programs to raise their awareness. Recommendation: More researches should be directed to determine levels of knowledge and awareness towards cosmetic usage and its health hazards and safety measures. We recommended that a well-structured health education program should be done including lectures, workshops, campaigns and mass media orientation to increase the awareness level and educate the students about the hazardous effects of commonly used cosmetics.
ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACTObjective: This study was aimed to determine and document the frequency pattern of ABO and Rh blood groups among two healthy population at Albaha, Saudi Arabia. Method:The design used for this study was a retrospective, cross sectional, laboratory based study for the distribution of ABO blood group and Rh factor conducted at both Albaha Central Blood Bank and Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Saudi Arabia. The study population constitute 2356 subjects enrolled into the studyduring the years 2015 and 2016. While the second group were medical students studying at Faculty of medicine Albaha University, who were potential blood donors(270 participant) Data Collection: Data regarding frequency and distribution of ABO and Rh groups of the screened blood donors at the Central Blood Bank were retrieved from registration books from Jan 2015 up to December 2016 using prepared Checklists . A total of 2155 blood donors were screened within the study period Results: A total of 2425 study population were included over the study period from January 2015 to December 2016. Out of these (88.87%) were Blood Bank donors and (11.13 %) were medical students. Amongst ABO blood group system, the most common group was O (47.67%) followed by group A (33.57%), B (13.69%) and AB (5.07%). The overall frequency of RhD positive and RhD negative blood group among our population was found to be 90.88 % and 9.11% respectively, with equal rates in the two groups Conclusion: Frequency of "Rh-positive blood group" is A, O, AB and B, whereas the frequency of the most common Rh-negative blood group are B, AB,O, and A respectively. The determination of the frequency of blood groups in the region would not only help in blood transfusion services, but also reduce the risk of erythroblastosis foetalis in the neonates.
Background: The risk of osteoporosis and functional deterioration is challenging for Saudi women with increased disease cases. However, recent analysis has shown that Saudi women were unaware of the risk of osteoporosis, so their knowledge and attitudes toward osteoporosis risk and prevention are necessary. We aimed to assess the knowledge and attitudes of Saudi women regarding osteoporosis and its screening in Al-Baha region, Saudi Arabia. Methods: About 464 participants (post-menopausal women) in Al-Baha region were recruited for the study to participate in the online survey. A modified osteoporosis knowledge assessment tool questionnaire was distributed online to collect data on participants’ responses regarding knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of osteoporosis. Then data was transferred to apply descriptive statistics to measure the frequency and percentage of KAP factors. Results: Most participants had good knowledge of osteoporosis and were 40-50 years old. White women are at higher risk of osteoporosis, but responses were quite uncertain. In addition, the frequency of knowledge of risk and symptoms was 89.7% and 76.3%, respectively. The percentage of knowledge and attitudes was higher for some aspects of risk and symptoms. The perceived knowledge about osteoporosis screening was positive, but actual knowledge remained uncertain. In addition, although knowledge and attitude gave significant results for some aspects of KAP factors, most participants’ overall knowledge was poor. Conclusion: The study concluded that the overall knowledge and attitudes of Saudi post-menopausal women in Al-Baha region regarding osteoporosis was poor, and therefore standard interventions must be recommended to enhance knowledge and practices. Keywords: postmenopausal, osteoporosis, knowledge, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
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