Measurements along at the pMDI centerline (at 0, 75, and 100 mm downstream of the inhaler mouthpiece) showed that the spray velocities were bimodal in time for all four pMDI brands. The first peak occurred as the spray was leaving the mouthpiece, while the second peak (at the same location, 0 mm) occurred at around 60, 95, 95, and 115 milliseconds later, respectively, for the four tested inhalers, with a drop in the velocity between the two peaks. Three probability density functions (PDFs) were tested, and the Rosin-Rammler PDF best fit the empirical data, as determined using a chi-squared test. These results suggest that there is a difference in the mean particle velocities at the centerline for the tested pMDIs and the diameter of released particles varied statistically for each brand.

Particle size and velocity are two of the most signicant factors that impact the deposition of pressurized metered-dose inhaler (pMDI) sprays in the mouth cavity. pMDIs are prominently used around the world in the treatment of patients suering from a variety of lung diseases such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Moreover, Soft Mist Inhalers (SMIs) are a new-generation of propellant free Inhalers. The rst delivery inhalation spray system of this kind is the Spiriva Respimat inhaler, which has its advantages, such as better medication delivery to the lungs. In the current study, particle velocity and size distribution are measured at three dierent locations along the centerline of the pMDI and the SMI spray using Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA). pMDIs from four dierent pharmaceutical companies are tested, each using salbutamol sulfate as the medication. The SMI is tested using tiotropium bromide monohydrate as the active medication. Measurements along the pMDI centerline (at 0, 75, and 100 mm downstream of the inhaler mouthpiece) showed that the spray velocities were bimodal in time for all four pMDI brands. Whereas, the velocity is almost constant for the SMI. Three probability density functions (PDFs) is tested, and the RosinRammler PDF best t the empirical spray size distribution data for all tested pMDIs. While log-normal PDF best t the empirical data for SMI. Particle size distribution for the Spiriva Respimat inhaler using the Anderson Cascade Impactor (ACI) is also assessed. The results indicate that a high percentage of inhaled medication was delivered to the lungs approximately 48%, which is still quite signicant when compared to common pMDI (about 8 to 20%). his expert guidance, insight and valuable professional advice he has given me throughout my Ph.D. program. It has been a unique experience and a pleasure to work with him. I would like to express my thanks and appreciation to Dr. Rym Mehri and Kenny Lee Slew for their help and support on the setup and ACI system tests. Also, special thanks to the technical sta of the machine shop at the Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department at Carleton University who have aided with the construction of various testing rigs. My appreciation and gratitude go to the other friends of the 6th oor Canal Building students, especially Dr. Rajab Legnain, Doma Hilewit, Frédéric Laforge, Phillip Drouillard, Dr. Tamer Beitelmal and Osama Hmood for sharing their conversation and ideas while I have been here, and providing a peaceful and enjoyable working environment This thesis is dedicated to my family members who have always been there for me, specially my parents who sowed in me solid values which I have, together with my wife, brothers and sisters. Also, to the Alatrash family for their unconditional aection, encouragement, and support. i Contents List of Acronyms xiii List of Symbols xv List of Symbols xvi 5.2.4.3

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