Objective:The main objective of our study is to see the hepatoprotective effect of Nigella sativa in Cyclosporine induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Methods: the effect of Nigella sativa on cyclosporine induced hepatotoxicity was studied in albino rats. The animals were divided into 3groups with 6 rats in each group. Group I served as vehicle control, Group II animals were given Cyclosporine 25mg/Kg body weight orally for 21 days and Group III were given Cyclosporine 25mg/Kg + Nigella sativa 1ml/Kg body weight orally for 21 days. The blood samples were collected for liver enzymes estimation before and after the experiment. The animals were sacrificed on 22 nd day and liver was subjected to histopathological examination. Results: Cyclosporine provoked hepatotoxicity was evident from increase of hepatic enzyme levels and histopathological changes. Addition of Nigella sativa has resulted in the decrease of elevated hepatic enzyme levels and improvement in histopathological changes in liver.
Conclusion:The present study showed that Nigella sativa oil has protective effect on Cyclosporine induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats.
When to irrigate and how much water should be apply and at which operation speed? All this question marks covered by our study, in case of potato irrigated under center pivot irrigation. To investigate the effect of interaction between operating speeds 80 (S1), 70 (S2) and 60% (S3) and water regimes 596 (W1), 447 (W2) and 298 (W3) mm per season, on the hydraulic performance of center pivot irrigation, water use efficiency, yield and yield characteristics of potato crop during winter season, in the River Nile State, Sudan. Results demonstrated that high operating speeds showed negative effect on distribution uniformity, coefficient uniformity and positive effect on application efficiencies. W2 recorded high significant values of application efficiency % with less values of coefficient uniformity and distribution uniformity (%). Interaction of the operating speeds and amounts of water showed positive effect, whereas S3 showed higher values of coefficient uniformity and distribution uniformity (%) efficiencies with W2 and W1, respectively. However, lowest water use efficiency values were recorded under S1W1, while highest productivity achieved by S3W2. Hence, with careful management, using center pivot irrigation under the study would give high irrigation efficiency and high water use efficiency, with fewer amounts water applied, thus saving water for other agricultural activities.
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