Background Anemia is not only a major public health problem among children in developing countries, it is also an important predictor for their future growth and development. The objective of this study was to identify possible factors associated with anemia among pre-school children in Bangladesh after removing a cluster effect of the population, and to determine the prevalence of this condition. Methods Data for this study was extracted from the 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS-2011). In this survey, data was collected using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling approach. The chi-square test and a two-level logistic regression model were used for further analysis. Results Data from 2231 children aged 6–59 months were included for analysis. The prevalence of child anemia was noted to be 52.10%. Among these anemic children, 48.40% where from urban environment and 53.90% were from rural areas. The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe anemia among children was 57.10, 41.40 and 1.50% respectively. The two-level logistic regression model revealed that the following factors were associated with childhood anemia: children of anemic mothers ( p < 0.01), undernourished children ( p < 0.05), younger children (age < 2 years) ( p < 0.01) and children from poor family ( p < 0.05). Lastly, anemia was more common among children living in Barisal and Rangpur divisions compared to those from Dhaka division ( p < 0.01), and among non-Muslims than Muslim ( p < 0.05). Conclusions Our study showed that prevalence of anemia among pre-school children in Bangladesh was very high (52.10%). We noted that young children of anemic mothers, from poor families, and being undernourished were at higher risk of developing anemia. Since most of these risk factors were related to socioeconomic conditions, they were potentially modifiable. Therefore, our findings may be useful for the health authorities to identify children at risk for remedial action and to plan for preventive measures.

The total caffeine content in Bangladesh Tea (BT) varieties (BT1-BT18) ranged from 1.59 ± 0.155 -4.15 ± 0.399 g/100g of DM and the crude fat content in BT varieties varied from 6.69 ± 0.64 -9.87 ± 0.9509 g/100g of dry material (DM). In this study, the highest amount of caffeine (4.15 ± 0.399 g/100g DM) was found in BT-16 variety (p < 0.05) while the highest amount of crude fat (9.24 ± 0.889g/100g DM) was found in BT 10 variety (p > 0.5). The total polyphenol content ranged:8.66 ± 0.831 -14.89 ± 1.432 GAE; g/100 g DM. The highest amount of polyphenol was found in BT 9 variety (14.890 ± 1.432 GAE; g/100 g DM) (p < 0.05). IntroductionCaffeine and polyphenols are the predominant factor for assuring the quality of tea (Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze) leaf (Chen 1999). Caffeine (1,3,7-trimethylxanthene) is bitter, white crystalline purine derived alkaloid that acts as a stimulant drug ( Eggers et al. 2001) and is a diverse group of compounds that are found primarily in plants and contain basic nitrogen ( Barone et al. 1996;Frary et al. 2005). Among the alkaloids probably the most physiologically active constituent is caffeine being principal representative at a level of 1 -5% of its dry weight (Stagg and Millin 1975). It is the most powerful xanthine, in its ability to increase alertness, put off sleep and to improve attention. It also acts as a vasodilator (relaxes the blood vessels) as well as a diuretic (increase urination) (Bolton 1981).The polyphenols ( Mukhtar et al. 2000) in tea mainly include flavanols, hydroxyl-4-flavanols, anthocyanins, flavones and phenolic acids which have a synergestic effect involving caffeine to (Stagg and Millin 1975) contribute the bitterness, astringency and sweetness of tea ( Hara et al. 1995). Polyphenols are widely used for prophylaxis and treatment of a variety of disorders. Lipid is also necessary though lipids are not major constituents in a tea brew but they can play an important roles in the development of aroma (Bhuyan et al. 1989, Hara et al. 1995, Scharbert and Hofmann 2005, Wang and Ruan 2009 and has an impact on nutritional profile of tea. however, there is no absolute measurement of caffeine, polyphenol and crude fat content of the released BT varieties. By analyzing caffeine, polyphenols and crude fat of these BT varieties, we can understand which variety is better in comparison with other varieties in order to improve agronomical characteristics through gene isolation, biotechnology, breeding and other allied fields. It will help the tea consumers to find the best quality tea from a very early civilization in relation to their financial ability (Islam et al. 2005, Choudhury 2010 as the tea consumers have a demand. Hence, the objective of the study is to evaluate the amount of caffeine, polyphenol and crude fat content of BT varieties to understand which BT variety is better in comparison with other varieties for cultivation and commercialization.

Following publication of the original article [1], the authors reported that one name in the published online version was incorrect-Golam Hussain should have been Md. Golam Hossain. The corrected name is now provided in the author group section above and the name has been corrected in the original article.