Introduction Diabetes mellitus refers to a group of metabolic diseases characterized by high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) levels, which result from defects in insulin secretion, or action, or both. It is a potentially morbid condition with high prevalence worldwide, thus, the disease constitutes a major health concern. 1 According to Wild et al., at least 171 million people worldwide suffered from diabetes as at the year 2000 (i.e about 2.8% of the population). 2,3 In the year 2001, Beretta stated that according to the World Health Organization (WHO), there were approximately 160,000 diabetic patients worldwide, and the number has doubled in the last few years and is expected to double once again in year 2025. 4 As a major health problem, diabetes is predisposed markedly by increased cardiovascular mortality and serious mortality related to development of nephropathy, neuropathy and retinopathy. 5 Chemicals and biochemical hypoglycemic agents like insulin, tolbutamide, phenformin, troglitazone, metformin, rosiglitazone and repaglinide, are the mainstay of treatment of diabetes and are effective in controlling hyperglycemia but they have harmful side effects and fail to significantly alter the course of diabetic complication. 2 Reports have shown that hyperlipidemia which often lead to coronary heart disease are associated with diabetes mellitus. 6,7 This accounts for the treatment of lipid disorders as a part of diabetes management. Studies have also revealed that the activities of liver damage markers such as serum alanine
Decitabine is a cytidine deoxynucleoside analog, which acts by inhibiting DNA methyltransferase, and is used for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Decitabine has a short half-life (25 minutes), and is sensitive to harsh conditions. Elastic liposomes are an effective tool that can be used to overcome this disadvantage. Elastic liposomes also known as transfersomes are modified lipid carriers that enable drug to reach deeper skin layers and/or the systemic circulation. These vesicular formulations are several orders of magnitudes, more deformable than the standard liposomes and thus well suited for skin penetration. The objective of present study is to develop and evaluate the elastic liposomes of Decitabine so as to provide the sustained release and improve its bioavailability. Elastic liposomes were prepared by rotary evaporation method using Span 80 and Span 60 as a surfactants. The prepared Elastic liposomes were evaluated for entrapment efficiency, vesicle size, in vitro drug release. The drug release profiles from different elastic liposomes-in-vehicle formulations were in agreement with the physicochemical properties of the formulations. Based on different parameters formulations of batch ELS1 was found to be the best formulations. Stability study was performed on the selected formulation ELS1. Study concludes that Decitabine can also be formulated in the liposomal carrier which finds its best way for the topical administration.
Objective: To evaluate antidiabetic potential of Momordica charantia leaves extract on Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats. Methods: Eighteen mice were used for acute toxicity while thirty rats used were for the Hypolipidamic study. They were grouped into five of six rats per group. Group 1 normal control received 5% tragacanth, Group 2 the diabetic-induced untreated received 5% tragacanth only, Group 3 diabeticinduced received 50 mg/kg body weight standard drug glibenclamide, Group 4 diabetic-induced received 50 mg/kg body weight methanolic extract of Momordica charantia, and Group 5 diabetic induced received 50 mg/kg body weight ethyl acetate fraction of Momordica charantia. The induction of type 2 diabetes was by single intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/kg body weight, 60 mg/kg body weight Streptozotocin. Rats with fasting blood glucose above 200 mg/dl were considered hyperglycemic. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis; the liver tissue was used for hisotopathologic analyses. Methanolic leaves extract of Momordica charantia was obtained by cold maceration with 5 L methanol for 72 hours at room temperature and fractionated. Results: Oral treatment with the extracts caused significant reduction (P<0.05) in the blood glucose levels. The serum levels of the biochemical parameters; urea, creatinine, alpha-amylase and lipid profiles that were negatively altered by the induction became significantly improved due to treatment with the extract. The liver histomorphology also improved. Conclusion: These findings suggest that leaves extract of ethyl acetate fraction of Momordica charantia possesses antidiabetic properties with insulin-mimicking action and could be used for the treatment of diabetic disorder.
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