This paper investigates the use of a Genetic Algorithm to produce an optimized compact monopole antenna for textile application. The antenna characteristics are examined using the Numerical Electromagnetic code (NEC2) with genetic algorithm (GA). The design objective for the antennas considered here is to drive the S 11 to be less than or at least, as close as possible to -10dB, targeting this application (850-950 MHz) band. Results of return loss are also presented. The purpose of this study is to build a genetic algorithm (GA) optimisation of wire antennas for application at 900MHz. These antennas are fully textile, flexible and wearable. Measurement test was performed by placing the textile antenna sample close to the human chest while results were compared with simulation on a body phantom. Specific absorption rate was evaluated in CST Microwave Studio. To validate our results, four linear wire antenna designs, planar and embroidered antennas were fabricated, measured and compared with the simulation. Simulated and measured results show that all the antennas can operate at 900 MHz band.
This paper presents an application of stitched ground plane for microstrip patch antenna design. In this work Matlab interface to computer embroidery techniques were used to implement the felt and denim substrates on microstrip patch antenna. These antennas were simulated using a commercial full 3D electromagnetic CST Microwave Studio 2019. A method to optimize the stitch patterns with conductive thread for antenna ground plane for 2.45 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band and 5 GHz wearable wireless local area networks (WLAN) frequencies was achieved. Rigid and flexible wearable antennas (microstrip patch antennas) were fabricated using the stitched ground plane. The electrical resistance was reduced between the meshes during the stitching design process. Results in terms of bandwidth, radiation patterns and reflection coefficients (S 11 ) are presented.
This work explores the optimal mesh structure, stitch density and production technique of stitched ground plane for microstrip patch antenna. Meshed ground plane was used as a generic problem. A stitched ground plane is proposed and designed using Matlab interface to computer embroidery. Using the meshed or stitched ground plane as a case study, the resistance between meshes was analysed and measured. The equivalent resistance between nodes is a function of their distance apart. A finite resistive grid was simulated and compared to measured sets of data. A microstrip patch antenna with stitched ground shows comparable performance to the conventional etched ground of the size in terms of bandwidth. The stitched ground plane has a higher bandwidth than the etched copper ground plane because of the increased thickness of the substrate. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of the interface method shows the possibilities of controlling the stitch density and distances between mesh nodes. The interface increases the stitching density and reduces the electrical resistance between mesh nodes making the antennas flexible and wearable. The functionality of these antenna samples has been tested and validated using microstrip patch ground at 2.45 GHz and 5 GHz. Measurement results on the proposed stitched ground planes were compared with the theory of infinite resistive network that shows good agreement.
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