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Purpose: This study investigated the effects of customer perceptions of service quality on eWOM (electronic word of mouth) and switching intentions through cognitive and emotional responses, specifically in the context of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's (KAS) telecom industry.Design/ methodology/ approach: We have developed a theoretical framework based on behavioural theories to analyse the environmental aspects of relationships that affect customer behavioural intentions. We adapted quantitative methodology along with the positivist philosophical approach to investigate our hypotheses within the theoretical framework. We applied a protracted stimuli-organism-response (SOR) model to highlight the peripheral reliability, responsiveness, tangibility, empathy, assurance, and the impact of the customer's feelings while simultaneously linking the elements to each other. In addition, we apply theory of reason action (TRA) to reflect the marginal elements of subjective norms, attitude, and customers' behavioral intentions. A survey with 601 responses has been used in this study. Findings:In the setting of KSA's mobile telecom industry, we confirm that there is a positive effect of customer perceptions of service quality on their eWOM and switching intentions through their cognitive and emotional responses. Originality and value:The framework of this study enhances our understanding of the role of service quality as an environmental influence on an individual's intentions to switch and eWOM. This conceptual framework is essential in evaluating the mediating roles of attitude and emotions in relation to eWOM and intention to switch.

The Republic of Kazakhstan, located in Central Asia, has experienced many years of environmental degradation, largely as a result of the poor management of its significant natural resources. In this survey, data relating to different environmental factors are critically analysed in order to understand the state of the environment. It was found that: warming trends are seen in sensitive areas (e.g. the steppe and near glaciers); drying trends are seen where there is already water stress (e.g. the Aral Sea); air quality has been declining recently (following improvements on the decadal timescale) in major urban centres, particularly Almaty; water quality appears to be improving in some areas (e.g. important lakes in the Aktobe and Zhambyl regions); and levels of exposure to radioactivity are below internationally recommended levels (where data have been found). More generally, there is an issue with data availability and quality, which requires attention if Kazakhstan is going to make the best use of its increasing investment in environmental actions. Current policies are reviewed and recommendations are made for future interventions. Keywords Central Asia Á Climate change Á Air pollution Á Water quality Á Environmental policy Á DPSIR Environmental Issues in Kazakhstan Kazakhstan is a developing nation whose population and gross domestic product (GDP) have been growing steadily

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