In the present study, highly active nanocrystalline nickel oxide samples were prepared by using a simple, solvent-free and cost-effective preparation method. Commercial nickel oxalate dihydrate powder was mixed with deionized water to form a soft paste which was sonicated till dryness and then, calcined in static air. The prepared nickel oxide samples were characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and N2 adsorption-desorption techniques. Surface basicity of the prepared oxide samples was measured by adsorption of CO 2 molecules followed by desorption measurements using thermogravimetry (TG) technique. Catalytic activity of the prepared nickel oxide samples towards the dehydrogenation of 2-butanol to methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) was studied at a temperature range of 225-325°C. The effects of calcination temperature, reaction temperature and weight hourly space velocity (WHSV) on the catalytic activity was studied to determine the best calcination temperature and the optimum operation conditions. The sample calcined at 400°C showed the highest activity and the optimum operation conditions were found to be at reaction temperature of 300°C and WHSV of 15 L h -1 g -1 . The selectivity to MEK was higher than 85% for all the conducted experiments.
Background Sarcocystis species are obligatorily heteroxenous protozoan parasites with predator-prey cycle. Global and national Knowledge about the epidemiology and the distribution pattern of different Sarcocystis species in dog feces are very scarce. Therefore, the current investigation was executed to declare the occurrence of Sarcocystis in the fecal specimens of the most common canids in Egypt, the domestic dogs and to recognize the species using parasitological and phenotypic approaches. Methods A total of 100 dog fecal samples were gathered and screened using sugar flotation for the presence of Sarcocystis oocysts/sporocysts. Additionally, thirty samples (30) were used for genomic DNA extraction. The 18S rRNA gene fragment was the target of primers for a PCR, followed by purification and sequencing of the amplicons. Results Currently, the results obtained appraised that 4% of fecal samples were positive for Sarcocystis spp. Under LM, the sporocysts of the canine S. tenella isolate measured 13.2–16.0 × 9.4–11 µm. Additionally, Sarcocystis spp. were verified in sixteen dogs (53.3%) using PCR and subsequent sequencing protocols. Statistically, insignificant difference in frequency of sarcocystosis relative to age and gender was noticed. Based on 18S rRNA gene, sequencing analysis of amplicons from sporocysts DNA revealed 99.82% nucleotide homology with already reported sequences of S. tenella from sheep in Iraq and Iran. Conclusions This is the first molecular evidence in support of the final host role of domestic dogs in the life cycle of S. tenella in Egypt, which provides a precious diagnostic tool for further epidemiological studies and for the assessment of the effectiveness of control measures for this disease.
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