The present work evaluated the synergistic effects of soil fertilization with rock P and K materials and co-inoculation with P and K-dissolving bacteria [PDB (Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum) and KDB (Bacillus mucilaginosus and B. subtilis)] on the improvement of P and K uptake, P and K availability and growth of maize plant grown under limited P and K soil conditions (calcareous soil). The experiment was establishment with eight treatments: without rock P and K materials or bacteria inoculation (control), rock P (RP), rock K (RK), RP + PDB, RK + KDB and R(P + K)+(P + K)DB. Under the same conditions of this study, co-inoculation of PDB and KDB in conjunction with direct application of rock P and K materials (R(P + K)) into the soil increased P and K availability and uptake, and the plant growth (shoot and root growth) of maize plants grown on P and K limited soils.
Egypt, as a developing country, is facing many environmental, social, and economic issues in its cities. Those issues are the challenges for The Egyptian government to achieve sustainability and improve inhabitants' quality of life in the future city's vision of the nation. The fourth cyber-physical revolution and the growing exponential innovations of information and communications technologies (ICT) were the catalysts for the Egyptian stakeholders to target the sustainable smart city concept for the new future Egyptian cities generation .The research aims to characterize the smart concept for the Egyptian environment by proposing an ICT architecture for the smart city model within the Egyptian cities and highlight the innovative ICT that will affect the future performance of such smart cities. The research attempts also to identify the main Egyptian smart initiatives that would offer appropriate sustainable solutions and improve the quality of life of the Egyptian inhabitants .To achieve the research objectives the innovative ICT installation requirements were studied to propose a compatible ICT architecture for the future city structure and an interview for experts was statistically analyzed to determine the Smart city initiatives and smart component systems prioritization for the future generation Egyptian cities .The research concluded that there are no unique standards of the city smartness concept and a community requirements study must be considered before deciding the smart initiatives and the smart system's components to be installed .The research determines that nowadays mobility, infrastructure, and governance are the main smart initiatives of smartness for the Egyptian cities.
T HIS WORK was aimed to select the proper Arbuscular Mycorrhizal (AM) inocula strain to enhance the growth of squash plants in calcareous P-deficient soil. Three treatments of phosphorus fertilizer of calcium triple phosphate, 15.5% P 2 O 5 were tested at different rates. In parallel, pots were inoculated with 4 AM strains (Rhizoglomus irregulare) namely M49; M139; M301 and M 510. Treatments were repeated 5 times and arranged in the greenhouse in a randomized completely block design (RCBD) and plants were harvested after 57 days. In conclusion, from the results and under the same conditions of this experiment, we recommended that all mycorrhizal strains were effective in improving plant growth. The strain M301enhanced squash plant growth and P uptake. Also, inoculation with this strain could improve P availability in soil. The two mycorrhizal strains (M49 and M139) can be used for improving the growth of squash plants under low P level and in calcareous soil conditions. This study is one of the few studies that indicate the specialization of mycorrhizal fungi strains on the host plant and this study must be followed by many other studies in different climatic conditions, different soil properties and on different genus and strains of AM fungi on different plants family to confirm or deny this hypothesis.
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