Motor learning might be affected by environmental factors as well as some genetic factors. The aim of the present study is to examine the effect of val66met BDNF polymorphism on motor learning and to examine the possibility of moderating this effect using environmental factors. One hundred students from University of Kashan, Iran participated in the study. After extraction of Genomic DNA, implementation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), analyzing PCR by 1.5 percent Electrophoresis Gel, and in the end sequencing by ABI PRISM 7000 Sequencing Analyzer, 46 participants were identified without val66met polymorphism while 54 participants were affected by the polymorphism (met-carrier). Twenty-four participants without val66met polymorphism and Twenty-four participants of met-carriers were randomly selected and divided into four groups of twelve. Participants of each group practiced backhand baseball pitch for six sessions and after 48 hours did the first retention test. Subsequently, participants in all four groups continued practicing in three additional sessions with specific design for each group and afterwards did the second retention test. Results demonstrate the fact that participants without the polymorphism exceeded met-carriers in learning of the task. Whereas the weakness of met-carriers did not disappear by additional practice, the practice was useful when associated with self-controlled feedback. The research shows val66met polymorphism may exert an influence over the learning of motor skills. However, the effect may be moderated by changing the condition of practice for people affected by the polymorphism in a way that engages them to cognitive processes.
Background & objectives: Inactive lifestyle has increased by urbanization and technological progress. It is a factor in increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity.This study aimed to investigate the association between obesity and overweight with lifestyle and fitness level in students. Methods: In this applied study, 360 students of Jahrom University (107 males aged 21.57±1.93 years and 253 females aged 20.91±1.63 years) were selected by random cluster sampling method. Height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were measured. Lifestyle and fitness level were evaluated using Berslow Life Index questionnaire and physical fitness index. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to evaluate association between study factors. Results: The results show that the overall prevalence of overweight and obesity were 34.16% and 3.04% respectively. The relationship between BMI and lifestyle was (r =-0.47; p = 0.02) and fitness levels (r =-0.51; p = 0.02) in sport science student. There was aslso a negative relationship between BMI and lifestyle (r =-0.52; p = 0.01) in men students studying science. While a significant relationship was not observed between BMI and lifestyle in other faculties and both sexes. Conclusion: The results indicate that active lifestyle and a higher fitness level is inversely related to BMI, obesity, and overweight. In addition, Obesity and overweight are less common in active people than inactive people.
Introduction: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the most abundant neurotrophic factors in the adult brain associated with synaptic plasticity, learning, memory and cognitive processes reinforcement. The advent of val66met polymorphism in codon 66 of the BDNF gene, disrupted this protein's secretion. The purpose of the study is to investigate of the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor single nucleotide polymorphism on memory score and memory quotient. Methods: One hundred native male students from Kashan University, Iran (mean age 21.60 ±2.20) were randomly selected. After extraction of Genomic DNA, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was implemented by forwarding primer 5-ACTCTGGAGAGC-GTGAAT-3 and reverse primer 5-ATACTGTCACACACGCTG-3, analyzing PCR by 1.5 percent Electrophoresis Gel. In the end, sequencing by ABI PRISM 7000 Sequencing Analyzer, some participants were identified without val66met polymorphism while the others were affected by the polymorphism (met-carrier). We used Wechsler memory tested assess memory score and memory quotient of participants. Also, we used from SPSS software for data analysis and test the research hypothesis. Results: Results revealed that people without the polymorphism were significantly better than met-carriers in memory score and memory quotient (P<0.001). The study of Wechsler's subscales showed that this superiority was more affected by logical memory subscales and associative learning. Conclusion: In general, the results represent the effect of val66met polymorphism on memory and memory quotient, so that the existence of this polymorphism in some people may weaken their ability in compression with people without polymorphism, due to disruption of BDNF secretion.
Since the people with developmental coordination disorder are weak in executive functions, the present s tudy was aimed to inves tigate the effect of two different physical activity organizing methods on the executive functions of children with developmental coordination disorder. Materials and Methods: Among the children with developmental coordination disorder that were eligible to enter the s tudy, 45 subjects were randomly selected and after completing Conner's Executive Functioning Scale as pretes t, randomly divided into three groups; random practice group (15 subjects), blocked practice group (15 subjects), and control group (15 subjects). Then, the two interventional groups performed physical practices with different underlying interactions for 8 weeks, with three 45-minute sessions each week. At the end, all the subjects underwent a pos ttes t by executive functioning scale. Results: After the interventions, the results showed a significant improvement in the executive functions of the two intervention groups. However, no significant improvement was observed in the executive functions of the control group. In addition, a significant difference between random and blocked practice groups was observed. However, the random practice group had a greater improvement in the sensory-motor functions. Conclusion: According to our data, random physical practices can be considered as an ideal method to improve executive functions of the children with developmental coordination disorder.
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